2014年职称英语考试《卫生类B级》冲刺试卷(二)
日期:2014-03-24
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
31、回答31-45题：
Happy Therapy (诊疗)
Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his work and traveling.
Then, after returning to tile United States from a busy and tiring trip to Russia, Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip, a chemical change began to take place inside him. The material between his bones became weak.
In less than one week after his return, he could not stand. Every move that he made was painful. He was not able to sleep at night.
The doctors told Mr. Cousins that they did not know how to cure his problems and he might never get over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up hope.
Mr. Cousins thought that unhappy thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. Instead, he felt that happy thoughts or laughter might cure his illness.
He began to experiment on himself while still in the hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that ten minutes of real laughter during the day gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night.
Deciding that the doctors could not help him, Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could continue his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping whenever he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt well enough to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for exercise.
After a few months, Mr. Cousins returned to work He had laughed himself back to health.
Mr. Cousins got sick after returning from________________.
A．a busy trip to the US.
B．a tiring trip to Russia.
C．a trip around the world.
D．a trip to Puerto Rico.
32、How did the doctors respond to Mr. Cousins' illness?
A．They promised to cure him.
B．They didn't think he was really sick.
C．They told him not to give up hope.
D．They said they were unable to help him in any way.
33、Mr. Cousins attributed the bad chemical changes in his body to________________.
A．unhappy thoughts.
B．a severe illness.
C．weak bones.
D．too much sleep.
34、What didn't Mr. Cousins do in his experiments with laughter?
A．Watch funny TV shows.
B．Read funny books.
C．Sleep whenever he felt tired.
D．Take medicine.
35、Mr. Cousins cured his own illness________________.
A．by laughing at others.
B．by acting in funny shows.
C．by taking a happy therapy.
D．by writing funny stories.
36、回答36-50题：
The author mentions "pick-me-up" to indicate that________________.
A．melatioin levels need to be raised
B．neurohormone can wake us up
C．coffee is a stimulant
D．decal is a caffeinated coffee
37、Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?________________
A．Caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that stops melationin production.
B．Caffeine interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping.
C．Caffeine halves the body's levels of sleep hormone.
D．Caffeine stays in the body for many hours.
38、What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss?________________
A．Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decal on sleep.
B．Different findings of Lotan Shiloh and a team about caffeine.
C．The fact that the subjects slept 415 minutes per night after drinking decal.
D．The evidence that the subjects took half an hour to fall asleep.
39、What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove?________________
A．There are more enzymes in decal drinkers' urine sample.
B．there are more melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers' urine sample.
C．Decal drinkers produce less melationin.
D．Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.
40、The author of this passage probably agrees that________________.
A．coffee lovers sleep less than those who do not drink coffee
B．we should not drink coffee after supper
C．people sleep more soundly at midnight than at 3 a. m.
D．if we feel sleepy at night, we should go to bed immediately
41、回答41-55题：
Diabetes (糖尿病) and Eye Damage
Over 2 million Canadians have diabetes. It is the leading cause of blindness in North Americans under 65 years of age. Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin (胰岛素) or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important because it moves glucose (葡萄糖), a simple sugar, into the body's cells from the blood. The food people eat provides the body with glucose, which is used by the cells as a source of energy. If insulin isn't available or doesn't work correctly to move glucose from the blood into the cells, glucose will stay in the blood, leading to high blood sugar levels.
High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels, including the tiny blood vessels in the eye. This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy (糖尿病型视网膜病). The retina (视网膜) is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals. With diabetic retinopathy, some blood vessels in the retina are lost, and some of the other blood vessels begin to "leak" blood. This causes the retina to swell, and gradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients (滋养物). Eventually, the retina starts to grow new blood vessels to replace the damaged ones. Unfortunately, these new vessels are not as strong as the old ones. They are more likely to break, causing bleeding in the eye.
At first, people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms. As the disease gets worse, they may notice blurred (模糊的) vision, black spots or flashing lights. As time goes on, it can progress to blindness. Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic retinopathy, and the risk increases the longer you've had diabetes.
Fortunately, you can reduce your risk. If you do not have diabetes, but think you may be at risk for this condition, visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes. If you do have diabetes:
Have frequent eye check-ups.
Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar under tight control can slow down eye damage.
If you have high blood pressure, follow your recommended diet and medications to keep it under control. If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure, or whether your blood pressure is under control, discuss this with your doctor.
Glucose cannot be turned into energy in the body
A．without diabetes.
B．without sugar.
C．without insulin.
D．without food.
42、The word "its" in the second paragraph refers to
A．"the nerve's".
B．"the blood's".
C．"the eye's".
D．"the retina's".
43、With diabetic retinopathy, the damaged blood vessels in the retina
A．are stronger than what they used to be.
B．cannot be properly replaced.
C．are more likely to break than the new ones.
D．may return to normal again.
44、The worst eye damage induced by diabetes is
A．blurred vision.
B．black spots.
C．blindness.
D．flashing lights.
45、To slow down eye damage, people with diabetes should try to
A．use as many medications as they can.
B．eat as little as possible.
C．wear glasses as often as possible.
D．keep their blood sugar under tight control
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31、回答31-45题：
Happy Therapy (诊疗)
Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his work and traveling.
Then, after returning to tile United States from a busy and tiring trip to Russia, Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip, a chemical change began to take place inside him. The material between his bones became weak.
In less than one week after his return, he could not stand. Every move that he made was painful. He was not able to sleep at night.
The doctors told Mr. Cousins that they did not know how to cure his problems and he might never get over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up hope.
Mr. Cousins thought that unhappy thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. Instead, he felt that happy thoughts or laughter might cure his illness.
He began to experiment on himself while still in the hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that ten minutes of real laughter during the day gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night.
Deciding that the doctors could not help him, Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could continue his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping whenever he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt well enough to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for exercise.
After a few months, Mr. Cousins returned to work He had laughed himself back to health.
Mr. Cousins got sick after returning from________________.
A．a busy trip to the US.
B．a tiring trip to Russia.
C．a trip around the world.
D．a trip to Puerto Rico.
32、How did the doctors respond to Mr. Cousins' illness?
A．They promised to cure him.
B．They didn't think he was really sick.
C．They told him not to give up hope.
D．They said they were unable to help him in any way.
33、Mr. Cousins attributed the bad chemical changes in his body to________________.
A．unhappy thoughts.
B．a severe illness.
C．weak bones.
D．too much sleep.
34、What didn't Mr. Cousins do in his experiments with laughter?
A．Watch funny TV shows.
B．Read funny books.
C．Sleep whenever he felt tired.
D．Take medicine.
35、Mr. Cousins cured his own illness________________.
A．by laughing at others.
B．by acting in funny shows.
C．by taking a happy therapy.
D．by writing funny stories.
36、回答36-50题：
The author mentions "pick-me-up" to indicate that________________.
A．melatioin levels need to be raised
B．neurohormone can wake us up
C．coffee is a stimulant
D．decal is a caffeinated coffee
37、Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?________________
A．Caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that stops melationin production.
B．Caffeine interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping.
C．Caffeine halves the body's levels of sleep hormone.
D．Caffeine stays in the body for many hours.
38、What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss?________________
A．Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decal on sleep.
B．Different findings of Lotan Shiloh and a team about caffeine.
C．The fact that the subjects slept 415 minutes per night after drinking decal.
D．The evidence that the subjects took half an hour to fall asleep.
39、What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove?________________
A．There are more enzymes in decal drinkers' urine sample.
B．there are more melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers' urine sample.
C．Decal drinkers produce less melationin.
D．Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.
40、The author of this passage probably agrees that________________.
A．coffee lovers sleep less than those who do not drink coffee
B．we should not drink coffee after supper
C．people sleep more soundly at midnight than at 3 a. m.
D．if we feel sleepy at night, we should go to bed immediately
41、回答41-55题：
Diabetes (糖尿病) and Eye Damage
Over 2 million Canadians have diabetes. It is the leading cause of blindness in North Americans under 65 years of age. Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin (胰岛素) or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important because it moves glucose (葡萄糖), a simple sugar, into the body's cells from the blood. The food people eat provides the body with glucose, which is used by the cells as a source of energy. If insulin isn't available or doesn't work correctly to move glucose from the blood into the cells, glucose will stay in the blood, leading to high blood sugar levels.
High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels, including the tiny blood vessels in the eye. This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy (糖尿病型视网膜病). The retina (视网膜) is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals. With diabetic retinopathy, some blood vessels in the retina are lost, and some of the other blood vessels begin to "leak" blood. This causes the retina to swell, and gradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients (滋养物). Eventually, the retina starts to grow new blood vessels to replace the damaged ones. Unfortunately, these new vessels are not as strong as the old ones. They are more likely to break, causing bleeding in the eye.
At first, people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms. As the disease gets worse, they may notice blurred (模糊的) vision, black spots or flashing lights. As time goes on, it can progress to blindness. Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic retinopathy, and the risk increases the longer you've had diabetes.
Fortunately, you can reduce your risk. If you do not have diabetes, but think you may be at risk for this condition, visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes. If you do have diabetes:
Have frequent eye check-ups.
Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar under tight control can slow down eye damage.
If you have high blood pressure, follow your recommended diet and medications to keep it under control. If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure, or whether your blood pressure is under control, discuss this with your doctor.
Glucose cannot be turned into energy in the body
A．without diabetes.
B．without sugar.
C．without insulin.
D．without food.
42、The word "its" in the second paragraph refers to
A．"the nerve's".
B．"the blood's".
C．"the eye's".
D．"the retina's".
43、With diabetic retinopathy, the damaged blood vessels in the retina
A．are stronger than what they used to be.
B．cannot be properly replaced.
C．are more likely to break than the new ones.
D．may return to normal again.
44、The worst eye damage induced by diabetes is
A．blurred vision.
B．black spots.
C．blindness.
D．flashing lights.
45、To slow down eye damage, people with diabetes should try to
A．use as many medications as they can.
B．eat as little as possible.
C．wear glasses as often as possible.
D．keep their blood sugar under tight control
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