2014年职称英语考试《卫生类B级》冲刺试卷(一)
日期:2014-03-17
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
31、回答31-45题：
Knitting
My mother knew how to knit (编织), but she never taught me. She assumed, as did many women of her generation, that knitting was no longer a skill worth passing down from mother to daughter. A combination of feminism (女权主义) and consumerism (消费主义) made many women feel that such homely accomplishments were now out of date. My Grandmother still knitted, though, and every Christmas she made a pair of socks for my brother and me, of red wool. They were the ones we wore under our ice skates (冰鞋), when it was really important to have warm feet.
Knitting is a nervous habit that happens to be productive. It helped me quit smoking by giving my hands something else to do. It is wonderful for depression because no matter what else happens, you are creating something beautiful. Time spent in front of the television or just sitting is no longer time wasted.
I love breathing life into the patterns. It's true magic, finding a neglected, dog-eared old book with the perfect snowflake design, buying the same Germantown wool my grandmother used, in the exact blue to match my daughter's eyes; taking it on the train with me every day for two months, working enthusiastically to get it done by Christmas, staying up late after the stockings are filled to sew in the sleeves and weave in the ends.
Knitting has taught me patience. I know that if I just keep going, even if it takes months, there will be a reward. When I make a mistake, I know that anger will not fix it, that I just have to go back and take out the stitches (针脚) between and start over again.
People often ask if I would do it for money, and the answer is always a definite no. In the first place, you could not pay me enough for the hours I put into a sweater. But more important, this is an activity I keep separate from such considerations. I knit to cover my children and other people I love in warmth and color. I knit to give them something earthly that money could never buy.
Knitting gives my life an alternative rhythm to the daily deadline. By day I can write about Northern Ireland or the New York City Police Department and get paid for it, but on the train home, surrounded by people with laptops, I stage my little rebellion: I take out my old knitting bag and join the centuries of women who have knitted for love.
Why did many women feel that knitting was out of date?
A．Because their mothers didn't teach them.
B．Because they were influenced by feminism and consumerism
C．Because they were feminists.
D．Because they were consumerists.
32、The author wore the red socks her grandmother had knitted for her
A．when she went to school.
B．when she went sightseeing.
C．when she celebrated Christmas.
D．when she went skating.
33、The word "quit" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
A．"give up".
B．"speed up".
C．"slow down".
D．"build up".
34、According to the passage， which of the following statements about knitting is NOT true?
A．Knitting helps one get rid of bad habits.
B．Knitting helps one get free from a bad mood.
C．Knitting requires patience.
D．Knitting is a profit-making business.
35、Which of the following is NOT the writer's purpose of knitting?
A．To save money.
B．To make full use of her leisure time.
C．To enrich her life.
D．To show her love for the family.
36、回答36-50题：
Double taxation, according to the second paragraph, includes________________.
A．personal income taxes by shareholders and dividends paid by the company
B．personal income taxes paid by the company on dividends and on its profits
C．taxes paid on the profits of the company and those on personal income
D．taxes paid on dividends by shareholders and those paid by the company on its profits
37、Capital gain is from________________.
A．increased value of stock sold six months after it is bought
B．increased value of stock sold less than six months after its purchase
C．stock owned for less than six months
D．stock purchased at a lower price
38、According to the writer, why is the complaint of some businessmen of high corporate taxes can be justified?________________
A．Developed countries have lower corporate taxes.
B．Fast growing industrial nations have far lower corporate income taxes.
C．High corporate income taxes prevent businesses from growing.
D．Low corporate income taxes prevent businesses from growing.
39、The new rates are more progressive in the sense that________________.
A．the tax is new and modern
B．the rate of tax is higher on larger amount of money
C．the tax is developing gradually
D．the rate of tax is getting higher and higher
40、If the incidence of the tax is on the customer,________________.
A．prices will go down
B．there will be stiff competition
C．sales will be reduced
D．the customer will be benefited
41、回答41-55题：
Natural Medicines
Since earliest days, humans have used some kinds of medicines. We know this because humans have survived. Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely.
They were successful long before the time of modern medicine. Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny (发亮的) instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment.
Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospitals. Yet injuries are treated. And diseases are often cured. How? By ancient methods. By medicines that might seem mysterious, even magical (有魔力的). Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical, however.
Through the centuries, tribal (部落的) medicine men experimented with plants. They found many useful chemicals in the plants. And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of today's most serious diseases.
Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care. These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form of treatment. They are used because people trust them. In developed areas, few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store. Yet many widely-used medicines are from ancient sources, especially plants. Some experts say more than 25% of modern medicines come, in one way or another, from nature.
Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory. All living things contain chemicals that help them survive. So scientists' interest in traditional medicine is not new. But it has become an urgent concern. This is because the earth's supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.
The passage indicates that ancient treatments for injury and disease were
A．much more successful than modem ones.
B．successful enough for humans to survive.
C．successful in all cases.
D．of little help to humans.
42、Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Modern medicines are now available all over the world.
B．Many big and modem hospitals are expensive.
C．Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical.
D．Humans have used some kinds of medicines since earliest days.
43、It is believed by scientists that traditional medicines
A．can cure all kinds of diseases.
B．may cure some of today's most serious diseases
C．are no longer useful for modem men.
D．are too cheap to be useful.
44、What do the majority of the people in the world use for health care?
A．Strange and wonderful equipment.
B．Factory-produced chemicals.
C．Modern medicines.
D．Plants.
45、It can be seen from the passage that the earth's supply of natural medicines
A．may never be exhausted.
B．may be dropping rapidly.
C．is surprisingly big.
D．is as rich as ever.
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31、回答31-45题：
Knitting
My mother knew how to knit (编织), but she never taught me. She assumed, as did many women of her generation, that knitting was no longer a skill worth passing down from mother to daughter. A combination of feminism (女权主义) and consumerism (消费主义) made many women feel that such homely accomplishments were now out of date. My Grandmother still knitted, though, and every Christmas she made a pair of socks for my brother and me, of red wool. They were the ones we wore under our ice skates (冰鞋), when it was really important to have warm feet.
Knitting is a nervous habit that happens to be productive. It helped me quit smoking by giving my hands something else to do. It is wonderful for depression because no matter what else happens, you are creating something beautiful. Time spent in front of the television or just sitting is no longer time wasted.
I love breathing life into the patterns. It's true magic, finding a neglected, dog-eared old book with the perfect snowflake design, buying the same Germantown wool my grandmother used, in the exact blue to match my daughter's eyes; taking it on the train with me every day for two months, working enthusiastically to get it done by Christmas, staying up late after the stockings are filled to sew in the sleeves and weave in the ends.
Knitting has taught me patience. I know that if I just keep going, even if it takes months, there will be a reward. When I make a mistake, I know that anger will not fix it, that I just have to go back and take out the stitches (针脚) between and start over again.
People often ask if I would do it for money, and the answer is always a definite no. In the first place, you could not pay me enough for the hours I put into a sweater. But more important, this is an activity I keep separate from such considerations. I knit to cover my children and other people I love in warmth and color. I knit to give them something earthly that money could never buy.
Knitting gives my life an alternative rhythm to the daily deadline. By day I can write about Northern Ireland or the New York City Police Department and get paid for it, but on the train home, surrounded by people with laptops, I stage my little rebellion: I take out my old knitting bag and join the centuries of women who have knitted for love.
Why did many women feel that knitting was out of date?
A．Because their mothers didn't teach them.
B．Because they were influenced by feminism and consumerism
C．Because they were feminists.
D．Because they were consumerists.
32、The author wore the red socks her grandmother had knitted for her
A．when she went to school.
B．when she went sightseeing.
C．when she celebrated Christmas.
D．when she went skating.
33、The word "quit" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
A．"give up".
B．"speed up".
C．"slow down".
D．"build up".
34、According to the passage， which of the following statements about knitting is NOT true?
A．Knitting helps one get rid of bad habits.
B．Knitting helps one get free from a bad mood.
C．Knitting requires patience.
D．Knitting is a profit-making business.
35、Which of the following is NOT the writer's purpose of knitting?
A．To save money.
B．To make full use of her leisure time.
C．To enrich her life.
D．To show her love for the family.
36、回答36-50题：
Double taxation, according to the second paragraph, includes________________.
A．personal income taxes by shareholders and dividends paid by the company
B．personal income taxes paid by the company on dividends and on its profits
C．taxes paid on the profits of the company and those on personal income
D．taxes paid on dividends by shareholders and those paid by the company on its profits
37、Capital gain is from________________.
A．increased value of stock sold six months after it is bought
B．increased value of stock sold less than six months after its purchase
C．stock owned for less than six months
D．stock purchased at a lower price
38、According to the writer, why is the complaint of some businessmen of high corporate taxes can be justified?________________
A．Developed countries have lower corporate taxes.
B．Fast growing industrial nations have far lower corporate income taxes.
C．High corporate income taxes prevent businesses from growing.
D．Low corporate income taxes prevent businesses from growing.
39、The new rates are more progressive in the sense that________________.
A．the tax is new and modern
B．the rate of tax is higher on larger amount of money
C．the tax is developing gradually
D．the rate of tax is getting higher and higher
40、If the incidence of the tax is on the customer,________________.
A．prices will go down
B．there will be stiff competition
C．sales will be reduced
D．the customer will be benefited
41、回答41-55题：
Natural Medicines
Since earliest days, humans have used some kinds of medicines. We know this because humans have survived. Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely.
They were successful long before the time of modern medicine. Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny (发亮的) instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment.
Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospitals. Yet injuries are treated. And diseases are often cured. How? By ancient methods. By medicines that might seem mysterious, even magical (有魔力的). Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical, however.
Through the centuries, tribal (部落的) medicine men experimented with plants. They found many useful chemicals in the plants. And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of today's most serious diseases.
Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care. These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form of treatment. They are used because people trust them. In developed areas, few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store. Yet many widely-used medicines are from ancient sources, especially plants. Some experts say more than 25% of modern medicines come, in one way or another, from nature.
Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory. All living things contain chemicals that help them survive. So scientists' interest in traditional medicine is not new. But it has become an urgent concern. This is because the earth's supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.
The passage indicates that ancient treatments for injury and disease were
A．much more successful than modem ones.
B．successful enough for humans to survive.
C．successful in all cases.
D．of little help to humans.
42、Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Modern medicines are now available all over the world.
B．Many big and modem hospitals are expensive.
C．Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical.
D．Humans have used some kinds of medicines since earliest days.
43、It is believed by scientists that traditional medicines
A．can cure all kinds of diseases.
B．may cure some of today's most serious diseases
C．are no longer useful for modem men.
D．are too cheap to be useful.
44、What do the majority of the people in the world use for health care?
A．Strange and wonderful equipment.
B．Factory-produced chemicals.
C．Modern medicines.
D．Plants.
45、It can be seen from the passage that the earth's supply of natural medicines
A．may never be exhausted.
B．may be dropping rapidly.
C．is surprisingly big.
D．is as rich as ever.
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