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GRE杨鹏难句130句详解(8)
日期:2012-07-12
  77. these historians,however,have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. (3+)
  但是,这些史学家还不曾充分地分析同一时期中那些具体的女权主义思想和活动的发展。
  难句类型:倒装
  解释:本句看着别扭的原因是句子的语序颠倒,正常的语序应该是:however, these historians have analyzed the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period less fully.但是这种语序仍然令人费解:为什么作者不说these historians haven’t fully analyzed the development of feminist ideas?既明确又好懂,何乐而不为?
  其实这里倒不见得是ets故意作梗,不让读者读懂,而是因为心上的两种说法之间存在着细微差别:前者强调的是有分析,但与文中的其他研究相比不够完整;后者则是强调没有怎么去研究。gre和gmat中使用的英语属于中高级英语,其中的细微之处请读者细心体会。
  意群训练:these historians,however,have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period.
  78. apparently most massive stars manage to lose sufficient material that their masses drop below the critical value of 1.4 m before they exhaust their nuclear fuel. (5)
  显然,大多数的巨星能够失去足够多的物质以至于在燃尽其核燃料以前他们的质量下降到关键值1.4m以下。难在:sufficient …that… = so much (many ) … that…
  难句类型:特殊省略、固定搭配
  解释:我们中国考生显然没有见过sufficient…that…这样的结构,因此习惯性的把that以及其后的内容看成了一个定语从句来修饰material,但是这样读下来发现意思不通,于是发生思维混乱,大脑拒绝工作,以至当场晕厥。
  实际上原文相当于在sufficient之前省略了such,与后面的that构成了一个such…that…的结构,但是这种省略不是可以随便使用的:本句之所以能够这样表述,是因为sufficient本身就是一个enough to meet the need of a situation的意思;而enough的意思是occurring in such quantity as to fully meet demands, needs, or expectations.所以,把这两个词义串在一起,sufficient material that…的词义就变成了material occurring in such large quantity that the need of …be fully met。所以我们除了可以把原句看成是省略了such以外,还可以把sufficient …that…看成了一个固定的搭配,相当于so much …that…的意思。
  意群训练:apparently most massive stars manage to lose sufficient material that their masses drop below the critical value of 1.4 m before they exhaust their nuclear fuel.
  79. this is so even though armed forces operate in an ethos of institutional change oriented toward occupational equality and under the federal sanction of equal pay for equal work.(5)
  即使是武装部队是在一种趋向职业平等的制度变迁的风气中运作的时候,而且即使部队是在联邦政府的同工同酬的约束下运行的时候,情况仍然是这样。
  难句类型:倒装、省略
  解释:不论笔者把这句话算成倒装还是省略,其实都有些牵强。阅读能力较高的读者应该可以看出,文中的语序和表达都是完全符合英文规则的,但问题在于它极不符合汉语习惯:按照中文的习惯,even though之后的长长的从句应当放在句首,而this is so则应该放到最后来说,而且,如果要用and来连接这么长的两个状语,也应该在其中补充上主语用来和谓语才能让人看懂。但是这就是考试中的英语,也是英语国家的高级知识分子们天天用来做学问的英语,既然他们可以看懂,并能写出来,我们也一定可以看懂,需要的时候也一定能够写出来。
  意群训练:this is so even though armed forces operate in an ethos of institutional change oriented toward occupational equality and under the federal sanction of equal pay for equal work.
  80、an impact (on the mars) capable of ejecting a fragment of the martian surface into an earth-intersecting orbit is even less probable than such an event on the moon, in view of the moon’s smaller size and closer proximity to earth. (5)
  一个能够把活性表面的碎片射入地球交叉轨道的碰撞发生的可能性甚至小于这种事件在月亮上发生的可能性,考虑到月亮更小的尺寸及其与地球接近的程度。
  难句类型:复杂修饰、省略、易淆指代
  解释:in view of的意思是考虑到、由于,等于because of,本句粗看上去十分简单,可是你看完之后会发现本句十分难懂。这句话的意思很容易被理解成:如果考虑到月亮的尺寸和与地球的距离的话,火星碎片被撞击所发射到地球的几率,要小于发射到月亮上的几率,有点常识的人就会知道这是不可能的:月亮比地球小得多,而且与火星的距离也与地球类似,碎片射到月亮上的几率怎么会反而高呢?这里的关键在于such an event在文章中指什么,如果是指把火星碎片射到月亮上,那么本句的意思当然是荒谬的;可是如果是指把月亮的碎片发射到地球上,那么本句的意思就对了,实际上句首的an impact之后被省略了一个on mars,所以原文的such an event on moon,指的是an impact on moon capable of ejecting a fragment of the lunar surface into an earth-intersecting orbit.因此如果把原文补全,则句子就变成了下面的样子:an impact capable of ejecting a fragment of the martian surface into an earth-ibntersecting orbit is even less probable than an impact on moon capable of ejecting a fragment of the lunar surface into an earth-intersecting orbit, in view of the moon’s smaller size and closer proximiy to earth.
  意群训练:an impact (on the mars) capable of ejecting a fragment of the martian surface into an earth-intersecting orbit is even less probable than such an event on the moon, in view of the moon’s smaller size and closer proximity to earth


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