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《英语基础词汇惯用法词典》连载
日期:2017-10-17

 

 

advance n. & v.

1. 用作名词,表示“前进”时,多为不可数名词;表示“进展”、“进步”、“改进”等义时,多为可数名词。如:

The army’s advance was very slow. 部队推进很慢。

China has made great advances in industry. 中国在工业方面进步很大。

比较:in advance(事先,提前)和in advance of (在……前面)。如:

The rent must be paid in advance. 租金必须预付。

He is far in advance of his class. 他在班上遥遥领先。

2. 用作动词,基本义为“前进”,注意其后所接介词:

(1) 表示推进的方向,通常用介词 to, towards。如:

The troops advanced to the river. 部队行进到河边。

They advanced towards the castle. 他们向城堡推进。

(2) 表示进攻的对象,通常用介词 on, upon。如:

The soldiers advanced on the enemy. 士兵们向敌人进击。

They advanced upon the enemy. 他们向敌人进攻。

 

advice n.

1. 表示“建议”、“劝告”、“忠告”等,是不可数名词,若表示一条或几条建议或劝告,要借用 piece 这样的词。如:

This is a good piece of advice. 这是一条很好的建议。

2. 表示按照某人的意见做某事,一般要用介词 on 或 by。如:

We did the work on [by] her advice. 我们按她的意见做此工作。

3. 表示提出建议或忠告,一般用动词 give;表示向某人请教或征求意见,一般用动词 ask (for);表示接受意见或劝告,一般用动词take, follow, accept 等。如:

The old often give good advice to the young. 老年人常常对年轻人提出金玉良言。

You should ask for the teacher’s advice. /You should ask the teacher for advice. 你应该去征求老师的意见。

If we had followed his advice, we could have done the job better with less money and fewer people. 要是听取了他的意见,我们不仅可以节省人力、物力,而且还会把工作做得更好。

4. 其后若出现 that 从句,通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气。如:

My advice is that he (should) give up smoking. 我建议他戒烟。

 

advise v.

1. 表示“建议”,通常为及物动词,若其后的宾语是动词,通常应是动名词,而不能是不定式。如:

我建议等到适当的时候。

正:I advise waiting till the right time.

误:I advise to wait till the right time.

注意:advise 之后不能直接跟不定式,但可接不定式的复合结构。如:

He advised us to sell the house. 他建议我们把房子卖了。

The doctor advised me to stop smoking. 医生建议我戒烟。

注意 advise 后接不定式复合结构时的被动语态形式不要与上面第一个句型混为一谈。如:

主动式:He advised us to sell the house.

被动式:We were advised to sell the house.

比较错误句型:We advised to sell the house. (误)

2. 其后若接 that 从句,通常要用虚拟语气(should+v)。如:

He advised that I (should) write her a letter. 他建议我给她写封信。

3. 比较以下同义句型:

请指点我选哪一个。

正:Please advise me which to choose.

正:Please advise me which I should choose.

我劝他不要一个人去。

正:I advised him not to go alone.

正:I advised him against going alone.

 

affect v.

1. 表示“影响”(及物)。如:

Smoking affects health. 吸烟影响健康。

Water pollution affects water quality. 水的污染影响水质。

2. 表示“感动”、“感伤”(及物)。如:

His death affected us deeply. 他的死使我们很感伤。

The sight affected her to tears. 此情此景使她感动得流泪。

有时用于被动语态。如:

We were affected by her words. 我们为她的话所感到。

 

 


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