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学习表语从句和宾语从句的五个错点
日期:2017-07-06

学习表语从句和宾语从句的五个错点

 

一、错用表语从句的引导词

有些词语意思相近,但它们有些可以引导表语从句,而有些则不行,比如 whether 和 if 均可表示“是否”,但 whether 可引导表语从句,而if却不用于引导表语从句。如下面一句中的 whether 就不宜改为 if:

What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 医生们真正怀疑的是我妈妈是否能很快地从重病中恢复过来。

又如 because, since, as, for 均可表示原因,但其中的 because 可用于引导表语从句,而since, as, for 则不用于引导表语从句。如下面一句中的 because 就不能换成 since, as, for:

From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 从太空看,地球是蓝色的,这是因为地球表面大约71%被水覆盖。

 

二、混淆表语从句引导词的一词多义

有不少引导表语从句的连接代词或连接副词在不同的语境中可能有不同的含义。如:

1. what 引导的表语从句时,既可表示“什么”,也可表示“……的事(物、东西、地方、人、样子、数目)等”。如:

That is what he meant. 这就是他的意思。

He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的他了。

2. who 引导的表语从句时既可表示“谁”,也可表示“……的人”(其中的who相当于the person who)。如:

The question is who we should trust. 问题是我们应当相信谁。

You are not who I thought you were. 你不是我过去所想象的那样了。

3. where 引导的表语从句时既可表示“哪儿”,也可表示“……的地方”(=the place where),还可表示“在……的地方”(与引导地点状语从句的where意思相同)。如:

The problem is where you can set up your tent. 问题是你在哪儿可以搭帐篷。

This is where you pay. 这是你付款的地方。

The coat is where you left it. 大衣还在你原来放它的地方。

4. when 引导的表语从句时,既可表示“何时”,也可表示“……的时候”(=the time when)。如:

What I want to know is when I will get paid. 我想知道的是什么时候可以付钱给我。

This was when I really got to know the United States. 这时我才真正认识了美国。

 

三、混淆 that’s because…that’s why…的用法

that’s because…和that’s why…中的because和why引导的都是表语从句,但用法不同:that’s because…后面所接句子用于表示发生某事的原因,通常译为“是因为……”;that’s why…后面所接句子表示由于某原因所导致的结果,通常译为“那就是(为什么)……的原因”。比较:

He was sent to the hospital. That’s because he was ill. 他被送到医院,因为他生病了。(原因是“生病”,结果是“被送医院”)

He was ill. That’s why he was sent to the hospital. 他病了,所以被送到医院去了。(原因是“生病”,结果是“被送医院”)

 

四、在介词后误用that从句作宾语

根据英语语法习惯,介词后原则上不接that引导的宾语从句,遇此情况可改用the fact that结构。如:

他说孩子父母应对孩子逃跑一事负责。

误:He said the parents were responsible for that the child had run away.

正:He said the parents were responsible for the fact that the child had run away.

但是,也有例外的情况,如but, except等少数表示“除……之外”的介词,其后可以接that引导的宾语从句。如:

He has not changed at all except that he is no longer so talkative. 他一点也没变,只是不像以前那样爱说话了。

 

五、不知道在什么情况下使用形式宾语

有的同学将形式宾语与形式主语混同起来,认为使用形式宾语仅仅是为了避免“头重脚轻”。其实,对形式宾语正确的理解是:当比较复杂的宾语成分后面跟有宾语补足语时,通常才在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it,而将真正的宾语从句移至句末——也就是说,使用形式宾语有两个重要前提:一是宾语比较复杂,二是宾语后面跟有宾语补足语。如:

We believe it possible that someone set the house on fire. 我们认为有可能有人对那房子纵火。

He soon made it clear why he had asked for a conference. 他很快表明为什么要求召开会议。

They haven’t made it known where they are to hold the conference. 他们还没宣布会议在哪里开。

 

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【即学即练】阅读下面句子,在括号内填入适合的单词

1. The real test of a good driver is ________ he remains calm in an emergency.

2. The reason our schools cannot afford better teachers is ________ people here are poor.

3. Country life gives him peace and quiet, which is ________ he can’t enjoy while living in big cities.

4. Patience is a kind of quality — and that is ________ it takes to do anything well.

5 You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ________ I disagree.

6. Tom was late for work this morning. That is ________ he overslept.

7 Tom overslept this morning. That is ________ he was late for work.(www.hxen.com)

8. Susan made ________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.

9. Don’t you find ________ a bit funny that she never mentions her husband?

10. The judge paid a lot of attention to the ________ that the child was unhappy at home.

【参考答案】1. whether  2. because  3. what  4. what  5. where 6. because 7. why  8. it  9. it  10. fact