内部讲义：常考词的语法与用法(09)
◆invite v.
1. 表示“邀请”，通常为及物动词，注意以下搭配：
(1) invite sb to [for] sth 邀请某人(参加)做某事
He invited me to dinner (a party, a wedding). 他邀请我参加宴会(晚会，婚礼)。
Why don’t you invite him for a drink (a meal, coffee)? 你为什么不邀请他喝一杯(吃餐饭，喝咖啡)?
(2) invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
They invited her to go for a walk. 他们请她一起去散步。
I’ve been invited to speak at the meeting. 我受到邀请在会上发言。
注：有时若意思明确可省略不定式。如：
He didn’t invite us (to come) in. 他没有请我们进屋。
He invited us (to come) to a party. 他邀请我们参加聚会。
有时以上几类结构可互换：
他邀请我们吃饭。
正：He invited us to [for] dinner.
正：He invited us to have dinner.
2. 有时不以人宾语，而以事作宾语。如：
Questions are invited after the lecture. 演讲完之后欢迎提问。
有时转指招致不好的东西(并非本意)。如：
Leaving the windows open is inviting thieves to enter. 窗户不关犹如开门揖盗。
◆it pron.
1. 有时可用来指人，但主要限于指性别不明的婴儿或指身份不明的人。如：
They got a baby and it was very lovely. 他们生了个孩子，很可爱。
Someone is knocking at the door. It must be Jim. 有人在敲门，一定是吉姆。
注：下面这样的句子也用 it 指人。如：
A：Who is it? 是谁呀?
B：It’s me, Mary. 是我玛丽呀。
2. 用于强调句型：It is (was)……that (who)……。如：
He bought a shirt at this shop yesterday. 昨天他在这家商店买了一件衬衫。
下面四句分别对上句主语、宾语、地点状语、时间状语的强调：
It was he who bought a shirt at this shop yesterday.
It was a shirt that he bought at this shop yesterday.
It was at this shop that he bought a shirt yesterday.
It was yesterday that he bought a shirt at this shop.
3. 用作形式主语或形式宾语:
(1) 当不定式、动名词、从句等结构用作主语时，为了避免“头重脚轻”，往往用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。如：
It’s no use quarreling with her. 同她争吵是没有用的。
Is it important to keep the balance of nature. 保持自然平衡是很重要的。
It is said that there was a church here. 据说这里原来有座教堂。
(2) 当不定式、动名词、从句等结构用作宾语时，若其后跟有宾语补足语，则往往使用 it作形式宾语，而把真正主语放在句末。如：
I don’t think it possible to finish it in a week. 我认为要想在一周之内完成它是不可能的。
He took it for granted that she loved him. 他想当然地认为他爱她。
4. 某些及物动词(如 like, love, enjoy, prefer, hate, appreciate等)之后若没有出现宾语，而直接跟 if/when 引导的状语从句，要在从句前使用代词 it。如：
She hates it when you use her books. 她讨厌别人用她的书。
I don’t like it when she tells me how to do things. 我不喜欢她对我做事指手划脚。
She doesn’t enjoy it when her husband drives fast. 她不喜欢她丈夫开快车。
I should much appreciate it if you would arrange thisfor us. 如果你能替我安排这事我将非常感激。
为他爱她。
4. 某些及物动词(如 like, love, enjoy, prefer, hate, appreciate等)之后若没有出现宾语，而直接跟 if/when 引导的状语从句，要在从句前使用代词 it。如：
She hates it when you use her books. 她讨厌别人用她的书。
I don’t like it when she tells me how to do things. 我不喜欢她对我做事指手划脚。
She doesn’t enjoy it when her husband drives fast. 她不喜欢她丈夫开快车。
I should much appreciate it if you would arrange thisfor us. 如果你能替我安排这事我将非常感激。
5. 在某些特殊表达中的使用。如：
It doesn’t matter. 没关系。
It seems that he doesn’t love her. 似乎他并不爱她。
It happened that I didn’t meet her there. 碰巧我在那儿没碰到她。