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内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(14)
日期:2017-09-25

 

 

2. 比较以下句型:

He showed me the room. 他带我看那房间。

He showed me into the room. 他领我进了那房间。

He showed me the door. 他将我逐出门外。

He showed me to the door. 他送我到门口。

注:show sb (a)round 意为“陪某人参观”或“带某人到处看看”等。如:

He showed us round the factory. 他带我们参观了工厂。

3. 表示“(通过做示范)教”,比较以下正误句型:

他教我们种菜。

 正:He showed us how to plant vegetables.

 误:He showed us to plant vegetables.

注:表示“表明”、“证明”,其后可接不定式的复合结构。如:

This showed him to be honest. 这说明他是诚实的。

His record shows him to have worked hard at school. 他的成绩证明他在校学习很用功。

 

shy adj.

1. 用作形容词,有两方面的意思,一是表示“害羞的”、“羞怯的”等,此时可以指人,也可以指行为态度等;二是指“提防的”、“躲避的”、“犹豫的”、“畏缩的”等,此时通常用作表语,且其后通常接介词 of。如:

The shy girl gave him a shy smile. 这个害羞的姑娘对他害羞地一笑。

He is shy of [about] talking about the prize he has won. 他羞于谈起他获得的奖。

We are all a bit shy of that sort of person. 我们对那种人有点怀疑(有所提防)。

This made me shy of trying it again. 这使我不敢再试了。

比较:(www.hxen.com)

He was shy of strangers. 他怕见生人。

He was shy with strangers. 他和生人在一起怕羞。

2. 在美国口语中,可以表示“不足的”、“欠缺的”,此时通常也用作表语,其后一般接介词 of(有时用 on)。如:

The house is shy of [on] a bathroom. 这房间缺一个浴室。

We have plenty of wine, but we are shy of [on] beer. 我们有很多葡萄酒,但啤酒不够。

 

sick adj.

1. 表示“有病的”,可用作表语或定语。如:

He has been sick for weeks. 他已病了好几个星期了。

Take good care of these sick children. 好好照顾好这些有病的孩子。

注:在英国英语中,用作表语的 sick 有时可表示“呕吐”。如:

She feels sick in buses. 她在公共汽车上觉得想呕。

2. 表示“厌烦的”,通常只用作表语,其后通常接介词 of, 与 be tired of 大致同义。如:

I’m sick of waiting around like this. 我腻烦像这样在一旁等着。

3. 与定冠词连用,表示“病人们”(具有复数意义)。如:

We’re going to visit the sick in hospital. 我们打算去看望住院的病人。

The sick were allowed to pass free. 病人可以免费通过。

 

sign n.

1. 用作名词,表示“符号”、“标牌”、“手势”、“迹象”等均为可数名词。如:

We hung a sign on the door. 我们在门上挂了一个招牌。

He gave me a sign to leave the room. 他示意我离开房间。

There are signs of sales increasing. 有迹象表明销售额在增长。

2. 用作动词,表示“打手势”,可用作及物或不及物动词。比较以下同义句型:

警察打手势(示意)叫我停下。

正:The policeman signed me to stop.

正:The policeman signed to [for] me to stop.

另外还可以表示“签(名)”或“在……上签字”,也可以是及物或不及物动词。比较:

你在支票上签名了吗?

正:Have you signed (your name on) the cheque?

正:Have you signed (your name to) the cheque?

正:Have you signed (on) the cheque?

误:Have you signed your name in the cheque?

误:Have you signed in the cheque?

注:表示“签名”时,sign 只用作动词,不用作名词。其相应的名词为 signature。

 

 


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