(第31——45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
(31)请根据短文的内容，回答题。
The State of Marriage Today
Is there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years, the rate
of divorce in the United States has exploded: almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now,
and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse. If this trend continues, it will lead to the
breakup of the family, according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association.
Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will marry at least four
times, and extramarital (婚外的)affairs will be even more common than they are now.
But what are the reasons for this, and is the picture really so gloomy ( 昏暗的 )? The
answer to the first question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once
was. The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need. Women
used to be economically dependent on their husbands, as they usually didn't have jobs
outside the home. But with the rising number of women in well-paying jobs, this is no
longer the ease, so they don't feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.
In answer to the second question, the outlook may not be as pessimistic ( 悲观的 ) as it
seems.
While the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen
very much, so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this, many couples now simply
live together and don't bother to marry. These couples are effectively married, but they do
not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. In fact, more than 50% of first
marriages survive.
So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married
indicates that it isn't. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single
people: they suffer less from stress and its consequences, such as heart problems, and
married men generally consider themselves more dependent than their single counterparts.
Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our
relationships!
Which of the following is true about the marriage in the United States today?
A: Divorce leads to the breakup of the family.
B: More than half of the married couples get divorced.
C: American people marry more than four times.
D: More and more people are getting divorced.
答案:D
解析:细节题。题干 ：下列关于现今美国社会婚姻状况的说法哪些是正确的? 由关键词marriage一词定位到文中第一段第二句“在过去的50年里，美国的离婚率暴增，约50%的家庭都以离婚收场。” 因此D选项“越来越多的人离婚了”意思最为接近，故为正确答案。
(32) What does "this is no longer the case" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A: Women are not economically dependent any more.
B: It is not necessary to get married any more.
C: Women do not need a husband any longer.
D: Many wives do well-paying jobs outside home now.
答案:A
解析: 词汇题。题干 ：this is no longer the case 的意思是?定位到文章第二段，以前的结婚基础是对经济的需求，而现在越来越多的女性拥有薪资较高的工作，也就没有必要维持失败的婚姻。所以A选项“女性在经济方面不再依赖别人了”为正确选项。
(33) Why is the outlook of marriage riot as hopeless as it appears?
A: Many people still like to get married.
B: The rate of divorce has actually decreased.
C: Over 60% of the marriages continue to exist.
D: The statistics of divorce is reliable.
答案:A
解析:
细节题。题干 ：为什么婚姻暴乱这种观点是不切实际的呢? 由outlook和hopeless定位到第三段第二句“虽然离婚率增高了，但是结婚率没怎么下降，因此结婚还是很流行的”，故A选项“许多人仍希望结婚”为正确选项。
(34) How do most men feel their marriage life?
A: They feel much stronger than before.
B: They don't feel as lonely as before.
C: They suffer more than before.
D: They feel more satisfied than being single.
答案:D
解析:
细节题。题干 ：大部分男性感觉婚姻生活怎么样?第四段第二句有相关信息“已婚男人普遍认为，比起单身生活他们更满足”很显然，D选项为正确答案。
(35) Which of the following about marriage is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A: It is important to discover what makes a marriage successful.
B: Marriage has long been partly an economic need.
C: It is a fact that most people choose to get married.
D: Many people went abroad after divorce.
答案:D
解析:
细节题。题干 ：下列关于婚姻的陈述哪些没有在文章中出现?A选项“发现使婚姻成功的秘诀很重要” 出现在文章最后一句，B选项“婚姻长时间以来在一定程度上是一种经济需求”在第二段第三句有相应表述，C选项“事实上很多人选择结婚”在第三段第二句有相应表述，D选项内容文中没有出现，故D为正确答案。
(36)请根据短文内容，回答题。
Storms Sink Ships
Rescuers have found the bodies of over 130 people killed in two ferry disasters in
Bangladesh. The accidents happened during a storm that hit the country on April
21.Hundreds more are missing or feared dead.
The two ferries sank in different rivers near the capital city of Dhaka as strong winds and
rain hit the South Asian country. The government has since banned all ferries and other
boats from travelling at night during the April-May stormy season.
One of the ferries, MV Mitali, was carrying far more people than it was supposed to. About
400 passengers fitted into a space made for just 300, police said the second ferry carried
about 100 passengers. "The number of deaths is certain to rise," said an official in charge of
the rescue work.
"No one really knows how many people were on board the ferry or how many of them
survived."
Ferries in Bangladesh don't always keep passenger lists, making it difficult to determine the
exact number of people on board. Besides the ferry accidents, at least 40 people were killed
and 400 injured by lightning strikes, falling houses and trees and the sinking of small boats.
Storms are common this time of year in Bangladesh, as are boating accidents. Ferry
disasters take away hundreds of lives every year in a nation of 130 million people. Officials
blame these river accidents on a lack of safety measures, too many passengers in boats and
not enough checks on weather conditions.
Ferries are a common means of transport in Bangladesh. It is a country covered by about 230 rivers.
Some 20,000 ferries use the nation's waterways (水路) every year. And many of them are dangerously
overcrowded (过度拥挤). Since1977, more than 3,000 people have died in some 260 boating accidents.
How many people have been found dead in the two ferry disasters?
A: More than 130.
B: Over 3,000.
C: About 400.
D: At least 40.
答案:A
解析:细节题。题干 ：在这两次海难中，已经发现多少人遇难了?利用题目顺序和原文顺序一致的原则和题干关键词in the two ferry disasters定位到第一段Rescuers have found the bodies ofover l30 people killed in two ferry disasters，即：在这两次海难中，救援人员已经发现了超过130具遇难者遗体。A选项中的more than和原文中的over是同义词，都是表示“超过” 的意思，故答案为A。
(37) The two ferry disasters occurred __________.
A: at noon
B: in the morning
C: at night
D: in the afternoon
答案:C
解析:
细节题。题干 ：这两次海难发生在__________。浏览四个选项，本题是考查海难发生的时间。原文没有直接提供这方面的信息。但是第二段提到The government has since bannedall ferries and other boats from travelling at night during the April-May stormy season，间接地传递了这方面的信息：政府自此禁止所有渡船和其他船只在四五月的暴风季节夜航。故答案为C。
(38) How many passengers was MV Mitali designed to carry?
A: 440.
B: 100.
C: 400.
D: 300.
答案:D
解析: 细节题。题干 ：按照设计，MV Mimli能承载多少人?利用题干关键词MV Mitali designed to carry等可以定位到第三段One ofthe ferries，MV Mitali，was carrying far more people than it was supposed to .About 400 passengers fitted into a space made forjust300，即：其中一艘渡船搭载了比设计容量更多的游客。在只能容纳300个旅客的空间里乘坐了400个旅客。题干中的was designed t0和原文中的was supposed to，made for在此处都是同义表达，故答案为D。
(39) Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the boating accidents?
A: Strong winds.
B: Bad weather conditions.
C: Blockage of waterways.
D: Lack of safety measures.
答案:C
解析:
细节题。题干 ：以下哪一种不是海难发生的原因?利用题干关键词不能直接定位到相关信息，第二段中提到 ：政府自此禁止所有渡船和其他船只在四五月的暴风季节夜航，这两次海难就是暴风雨导致的。同时在最后一段中还提到Officials blame these river accidents on a lack of safety measures，too many passengers in boats and not enough checks on weather conditions，即：官员将海难归咎于缺乏安全措施、船上乘客太多以及没有对天气状况进行足够的检查核实。blame on意思是“把……归咎于……”，和题干中的as a causeof是同义表达，A、B和D在文中都有提及，文中最后提到全国有230条河流，但是没有说河流很拥挤，故答案为C。
(40) Which of the following statements is NOT true of the two ferry disasters?
A: They traveled during the April-May stormy season.
B: They sank on April 21.
C: The exact number of deaths could be easily determined.
D: They sank somewhere near Dhaka.
答案:C
解析:
细节判断题。题干 ：关于这两次海难，以下哪个说法不正确?利用题干不能直接定位到相关信息，改由定位四个选项，在第一段和第二段中分别提到The accidents happened during a storm that hit the country on April 21…The two ferries sank in different rivers near the capital city of Dhaka，The government has since banned all ferries and other boats from travelling at night during the April May stormy season，即：4月21 目一场暴风雨袭击了这个国家，在这期间发生了海难……这两起海难发生在离首都城市Dhaka不远的不同河流，政府自此禁止所有渡船和其他船只在四五月的暴风季节夜航。A、B和D在文中都有体现，根据排除法，答案为C。且第三段提到Ferries in Bangladesh don’t always keep passenger lists，making it difficult to determine the exact number of people on board .Besides the ferry accidents即：渡船不记录乘客名单，这就很难确认到底有多少人在船上，所以死亡人数很难确定。故答案为C。
(41) 根据短文的内容，回答下列题目
A Debate on the English Language
A measure declaring English the national language is under intense debate in the United States.
The US Senate passed two declarations last week. One calls English the nation's official
language and the other says it is the "common and unifying (统一的) " tongue. But
Americans found themselves divided on the issue.
Since people worldwide know that most Americans speak only English, many can't
understand why the issue is so controversial ( 有争议的 ) .
"The discussion is related to fears of immigration issues," says Dick Tucker, a social
scientist at Pittsburgh's Carnegie Mellon University. "It's related to a worry about the
changing demography (入口统计 ) of the US. It's a worry about who will continue to have
political and economic influence."
In fact, the notion of protecting the language has been kicked around almost since the
nation's founding. John Adams lobbied (游说) in 1780 for the creation of a national
academy to correct and improve the English language. But his proposal died, since
lawmakers saw it as a royalist (保皇主义者 ) attempt to define personal behavior.
Since then, the country hasn't had a national language, but the idea of recognizing the
special status of English lived on.
The emotions surrounding language resurface (再次浮现)not because people feel
comfortable with English. It is more about the discomfort many Americans feel with the
new languages, says Walt Wolfram, a professor at North Carolina State University.
"Language is never about language," he says.
According to the 2000 US Census Bureau report, of 209 million Americans over 18 years
old,172 million speak only English at home. About 37 million speak languages other than English.
Among them,6.5 million speak poor English and 3.1 million don't speak English at all.
What are the two declarations concerned with?
A: The status of the English language.
B: The protection of new languages.
C: The rights to speak one's mother tongue.
D: The improvement of the English language.
答案:A
解析:
细节题。题干 ：两个宣言比较关注什么?利用关键词可以定位到文章的第一句话，可知在美国，一个宣布英语是国语的措施正受到激烈的争论。然后文章说美国参议院上周通过了两个宣言。一个宣言把英语叫作国家的官方语言 ;另一个宣言说英语是通用的、起统一作用的语言。可见这两个宣言涉及英语的地位问题，因此选A。
(42) Who suggested in the 18th century that English should be protected?
A: Walt Wolfram.
B: John Adams.
C: Royalists.
D: Dick Tucker.
答案:B
解析:
细节题。题干 ：谁在18世纪就建议英语应该得到保护?利用关键词可以定位到第四段第二句，可知在1780年约翰•亚当斯曾游说建立一个国家研究院，致力于纠正并改善英语。可见正确的选择应该是约翰•亚当斯。
(43) Which of the following is the current debate NOT related to?
A: The immigration issues.
B: The changing demography.
C: The worry about the new languages.
D: The US's military strength.
答案:D
解析:
细节题。题干 ：下面的哪一方面跟目前的争论无关?利用关键词可以定位到第三段，该段提到A、B和C，唯有D没有提到。D说的是 ：美国的军事力量。
(44) Which statement is true according to the 2000 US Census Bureau report?
A: 172 million Americans speak only English in their work places.
B: 37 million Americans speak English.
C: 209 million Americans are above the age of 18.
D: 6.5 million Americans speak good English.
答案:C
解析:
细节题。题干 ：根据2000年美国人口普查局的报告，哪个命题是真的?利用关键词可以定位到最后一段话的第一个句子，可知根据2000年美国人口普查局的报告，18岁以上的美国人有2.09亿人。所以C是对的。其他的选项都把2.09亿人当作了美国的总人口，因而是错误的。
(45) The phrase kicked around (Paragraph 4) could be best replaced by __________.
A: invented
B: formed
C: shaped
D: discussed
答案:D
解析: 词汇题。题干 ：kicked around最有可能被哪个词替换?这个短语出现在下面这个句中 ：“In fact .the notion of protecting the language has been kicked around almost since the nation’s
founding”，即事实上，保护这一语言的思想几乎从这个国家建立时就开始讨论了。根据上下文可以推测出选D。
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