2014年职称英语考试《理工类C级》冲刺试卷(一)
日期:2014-03-25
第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
31、回答31-45题：
Why Are America's Kids So Stressed
I'm usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happieror unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any ofthese statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, Iwas struck by a report which concluded that today's children are significantly more anxious thanchildren in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit ahigher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago.
Why are America's kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physicalisolation -- brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among otherthings -- and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place.
Given that we can't turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope.
At the top of the list is nurturing a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. Nochild is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individualsagainst stress.
To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs andcomputers. Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for face-to-facerelationships, and they will get more sleep.
Limit the amount of virtual violence your children are exposed to. It's not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news.
Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale.
Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anxieties andprovide a good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn't have toruin your life.
The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about people's state of mind are_______.
A．surprising
B．confusing
C．illogical
D．questionable
32、What does the author mean when he says, "we can't turn the clock back"?
A．It's impossible to slow down the pace of change.
B．The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.
C．Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.
D．It's impossible to forget the past.
33、According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentally ill 50 years ago_______.
A．were less isolated physically
B．were probably less self-centered
C．probably suffered less from anxiety
D．were considered less individualistic
34、The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is_______.
A．to provide them with a safer environment
B．to lower their, expectations for them
C．to get them more involved socially
D．to set a good model for them to follow
35、What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
A．Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with.
B．Children's anxiety has been enormously exaggerated.
C．Children's anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.
D．Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature.
36、回答36-50题：
Clone Farm
Factory farming could soon enter a new era of mass production. Companies in the US aredeveloping the technology needed to "clone" chickens on a massive scale. Once a chicken withdesirable traits has been bred or genetically engineered tens of thousands of eggs, which willhatch into identical copies, could roll off the production lines every hour. Billions of clonescould be produced each year to supply chicken farms with birds that all grow at the same rate,have the same amount of meat and taste the same.
This, at least, is the vision of the US's National Institute of Science and Technology,which has given Origen, Therapeutics of Burlingame, California, and Embrex of North CarolinaUSD 4. 7 million to help fund research. The prospect has alarmed animal welfare groups, whofear it could increase the suffering of farm birds.
That's unlikely to put off the poultry industry, however, which wants disease-resistant birds that grow faster on less food. "Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reducedinputs to get there", says Mike Fitzgerald of Origen. To meet this demand, Origen aims to"create an animal that is effectively cloned", he says. Normal cloning doesn't work in birdsbecause eggs can't be removed and implanted. Instead, the company is trying to bulk-growembryonic stem cells taken from fertilized eggs as soon as they're laid. "The trick is to culturethe cells without them starting to distinguish, so they remain pluripotent", says Fitzgerald.
Using a long-established technique, these donor ceils will then be injected into the embryoof a freshly laid, fertilized recipient egg, forming a chick that is a "chimera". Strictly speakinga chimera isn't a clone, because it contains cells from both donor and recipient. But Fitzgeraldsays it will be enough, say, 95 percent of a chicken's body develops from donor cells. "In thepoultry world, it doesn't matter if it's not 100 percent," he says.
Another challenge for Origen is to scale up production. To do this, it has teamed up with"Embrex, which produces machines that can inject vaccines into up to 50, 000 eggs an hour.Embrex is now trying to modify the machines to locate the embryo and inject the cells intoprecisely the right spot without killing it.
In future, Origen imagines freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken. If orderscome in for a particular strain, millions of eggs could be produced in months or even weeks. Atpresent, maintaining all the varieties the market might call for is too expensive for breeders, andit takes years to breed enough chickens to produce the billions of eggs that farmers need.
Which statement is the best description of the new era of factory farming according to the first paragraph?
A．Eggs are all genetically engineered.
B．Thousands of eggs are produced every hour,
C．Cloned chickens are bulk-produced with the same growth rate, weight and taste.
D．Identical eggs can be hatched on the production lines.
37、Which institution has offered USD 4. 7 million to fund the research?
A．The US's National Institute of Science and Technology.
B．Origen Therapeutics of Burlingame, California.
C．Embrex of North Carolina.
D．Animal welfare groups.
38、In the third paragraph, by saying " Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there" Mike Fitzgerald means that he wishes
A．chickens' quality could be maintained but with less investment
B．chickens' taste could be improved but at less costs
C．chickens' growth rate could be quickened but with less inputs
D．chickens could grow to the same weight but with less feed
39、Which of the following statements about Origen and Embrex is correct according to the fifth paragraph?
A．Origen and Embrex will jointly invent machines to increase production.
B．Origen wants to purchase an efficient donor cell-injecting machine.
C．Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cell-injecting machines.
D．Origen is the leading company in producing embryo-locating machines.
40、The technology of freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken can do all the following EXCEPT that
A．farmers can order certain strains of chicken only
B．Origen can supply all the strains of chicken the market might need
C．chicken farmers order certain strains of chicken for economic reasons
D．chicken farmers can be supplied with whatever they need
41、回答41-55题：
Small But Wise
On December 14, NASA blasted a small but mighty telescope into space. The telescope is called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan. Don’t let its small size fool you: WISE has a powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects in the known universe,including asteroids, faint stars, blazing galaxies and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born.
“I’m very excited because we’re going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven’t seen before,” said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project.
Since arriving in space, the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth, held by gravity in a polar orbit (this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap). Its camera is pointed outward, away from the Earth, and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes. After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.
The pictures taken by WISE won’t be like everyday digital photographs, however. WISE stands for “Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer.” As its name suggests, the WISE camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiation.
Radiation is energy that travels as a wave. Visible light, including the familiar spectrum of light that becomes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation. When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a tree, for example, it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree. When these waves enter the camera through the lens, they’re processed by the camera, which then puts the image together.
Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light, so ordinary digital cameras don’t see them, and neither do the eyes of human beings. Although invisible to the eye, longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.
That’s a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can’t. Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light. Asteroids, for example, are giant rocks that float through space-but they absorb most of the light that reaches them. They don’t reflect light, so they’re difficult to see. But they do give off infrared radiation, so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them. During its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.
Brown dwarfs are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISE’s pictures. These objects are “failed” stars-which means they are not massive enough to jump start the same kind of reactions that power stars such as the sun. Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down. They’re so dim that they’re almost impossible to see with visible light, but in the infrared spectrum they glow.
What is so special about WISE?
A．It is small in size but carries a large camera.
B．It is as small as a trashcan.
C．Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.
D．Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.
42、Which is NOT the synonym for the word "snap" in the third paragraph?
A．make.
B．shoot.
C．take
D．photograph.
43、The camera on WISE _____
A．is no different from an ordinary camera.
B．does not see infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does.
C．catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.
D．reflects light that human eyes can see.
44、Which of the following is NOT correct about “asteroids” according to paragraph 7?
A．Asteroids float through space giving off visible light.
B．Asteroids do not reflect light that reaches them.
C．It is difficult to take asteroids’ pictures by ordinary cameras.
D．The WISE telescope can take pictures of asteroids
45、What is implied in the last paragraph?
A．Brown dwarfs give off visible light.
B．Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation.
C．Brown dwarfs are power stars like the sun.
D．Brown dwarfs are impossible to see with the WISE telescope.
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31、回答31-45题：
Why Are America's Kids So Stressed
I'm usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happieror unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any ofthese statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, Iwas struck by a report which concluded that today's children are significantly more anxious thanchildren in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit ahigher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago.
Why are America's kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physicalisolation -- brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among otherthings -- and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place.
Given that we can't turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope.
At the top of the list is nurturing a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. Nochild is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individualsagainst stress.
To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs andcomputers. Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for face-to-facerelationships, and they will get more sleep.
Limit the amount of virtual violence your children are exposed to. It's not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news.
Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale.
Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anxieties andprovide a good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn't have toruin your life.
The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about people's state of mind are_______.
A．surprising
B．confusing
C．illogical
D．questionable
32、What does the author mean when he says, "we can't turn the clock back"?
A．It's impossible to slow down the pace of change.
B．The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.
C．Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.
D．It's impossible to forget the past.
33、According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentally ill 50 years ago_______.
A．were less isolated physically
B．were probably less self-centered
C．probably suffered less from anxiety
D．were considered less individualistic
34、The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is_______.
A．to provide them with a safer environment
B．to lower their, expectations for them
C．to get them more involved socially
D．to set a good model for them to follow
35、What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
A．Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with.
B．Children's anxiety has been enormously exaggerated.
C．Children's anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.
D．Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature.
36、回答36-50题：
Clone Farm
Factory farming could soon enter a new era of mass production. Companies in the US aredeveloping the technology needed to "clone" chickens on a massive scale. Once a chicken withdesirable traits has been bred or genetically engineered tens of thousands of eggs, which willhatch into identical copies, could roll off the production lines every hour. Billions of clonescould be produced each year to supply chicken farms with birds that all grow at the same rate,have the same amount of meat and taste the same.
This, at least, is the vision of the US's National Institute of Science and Technology,which has given Origen, Therapeutics of Burlingame, California, and Embrex of North CarolinaUSD 4. 7 million to help fund research. The prospect has alarmed animal welfare groups, whofear it could increase the suffering of farm birds.
That's unlikely to put off the poultry industry, however, which wants disease-resistant birds that grow faster on less food. "Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reducedinputs to get there", says Mike Fitzgerald of Origen. To meet this demand, Origen aims to"create an animal that is effectively cloned", he says. Normal cloning doesn't work in birdsbecause eggs can't be removed and implanted. Instead, the company is trying to bulk-growembryonic stem cells taken from fertilized eggs as soon as they're laid. "The trick is to culturethe cells without them starting to distinguish, so they remain pluripotent", says Fitzgerald.
Using a long-established technique, these donor ceils will then be injected into the embryoof a freshly laid, fertilized recipient egg, forming a chick that is a "chimera". Strictly speakinga chimera isn't a clone, because it contains cells from both donor and recipient. But Fitzgeraldsays it will be enough, say, 95 percent of a chicken's body develops from donor cells. "In thepoultry world, it doesn't matter if it's not 100 percent," he says.
Another challenge for Origen is to scale up production. To do this, it has teamed up with"Embrex, which produces machines that can inject vaccines into up to 50, 000 eggs an hour.Embrex is now trying to modify the machines to locate the embryo and inject the cells intoprecisely the right spot without killing it.
In future, Origen imagines freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken. If orderscome in for a particular strain, millions of eggs could be produced in months or even weeks. Atpresent, maintaining all the varieties the market might call for is too expensive for breeders, andit takes years to breed enough chickens to produce the billions of eggs that farmers need.
Which statement is the best description of the new era of factory farming according to the first paragraph?
A．Eggs are all genetically engineered.
B．Thousands of eggs are produced every hour,
C．Cloned chickens are bulk-produced with the same growth rate, weight and taste.
D．Identical eggs can be hatched on the production lines.
37、Which institution has offered USD 4. 7 million to fund the research?
A．The US's National Institute of Science and Technology.
B．Origen Therapeutics of Burlingame, California.
C．Embrex of North Carolina.
D．Animal welfare groups.
38、In the third paragraph, by saying " Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there" Mike Fitzgerald means that he wishes
A．chickens' quality could be maintained but with less investment
B．chickens' taste could be improved but at less costs
C．chickens' growth rate could be quickened but with less inputs
D．chickens could grow to the same weight but with less feed
39、Which of the following statements about Origen and Embrex is correct according to the fifth paragraph?
A．Origen and Embrex will jointly invent machines to increase production.
B．Origen wants to purchase an efficient donor cell-injecting machine.
C．Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cell-injecting machines.
D．Origen is the leading company in producing embryo-locating machines.
40、The technology of freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken can do all the following EXCEPT that
A．farmers can order certain strains of chicken only
B．Origen can supply all the strains of chicken the market might need
C．chicken farmers order certain strains of chicken for economic reasons
D．chicken farmers can be supplied with whatever they need
41、回答41-55题：
Small But Wise
On December 14, NASA blasted a small but mighty telescope into space. The telescope is called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan. Don’t let its small size fool you: WISE has a powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects in the known universe,including asteroids, faint stars, blazing galaxies and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born.
“I’m very excited because we’re going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven’t seen before,” said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project.
Since arriving in space, the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth, held by gravity in a polar orbit (this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap). Its camera is pointed outward, away from the Earth, and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes. After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.
The pictures taken by WISE won’t be like everyday digital photographs, however. WISE stands for “Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer.” As its name suggests, the WISE camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiation.
Radiation is energy that travels as a wave. Visible light, including the familiar spectrum of light that becomes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation. When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a tree, for example, it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree. When these waves enter the camera through the lens, they’re processed by the camera, which then puts the image together.
Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light, so ordinary digital cameras don’t see them, and neither do the eyes of human beings. Although invisible to the eye, longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.
That’s a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can’t. Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light. Asteroids, for example, are giant rocks that float through space-but they absorb most of the light that reaches them. They don’t reflect light, so they’re difficult to see. But they do give off infrared radiation, so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them. During its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.
Brown dwarfs are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISE’s pictures. These objects are “failed” stars-which means they are not massive enough to jump start the same kind of reactions that power stars such as the sun. Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down. They’re so dim that they’re almost impossible to see with visible light, but in the infrared spectrum they glow.
What is so special about WISE?
A．It is small in size but carries a large camera.
B．It is as small as a trashcan.
C．Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.
D．Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.
42、Which is NOT the synonym for the word "snap" in the third paragraph?
A．make.
B．shoot.
C．take
D．photograph.
43、The camera on WISE _____
A．is no different from an ordinary camera.
B．does not see infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does.
C．catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.
D．reflects light that human eyes can see.
44、Which of the following is NOT correct about “asteroids” according to paragraph 7?
A．Asteroids float through space giving off visible light.
B．Asteroids do not reflect light that reaches them.
C．It is difficult to take asteroids’ pictures by ordinary cameras.
D．The WISE telescope can take pictures of asteroids
45、What is implied in the last paragraph?
A．Brown dwarfs give off visible light.
B．Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation.
C．Brown dwarfs are power stars like the sun.
D．Brown dwarfs are impossible to see with the WISE telescope.
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