高中英语单词记忆表 第26期
日期:2008-04-17
damage n. 损害，毁坏 v. 损坏，损毁
[特征]
- The bad weather did a lot of damage to the crops.
坏天气使庄稼受到了很大损失。
- The flood damaged several buildings.
洪水使一些建筑受到了破坏。
[贴心叮咛]
damage是个很重要的词，它的基本用法和考点，同学们都要牢牢掌握。
[考点]
①damage作名词“损害”时是不可数名词；作可数名词时意为“损害赔偿费”。
- He was awarded $500 in damages by the court.
法院判给他损害赔偿费五百美元。
②表示“……的损失”不用damage of sth.，而用damage to sth.。
（误）The fire caused a lot of damage of the houses.
（正）The fire caused a lot of damage to the houses.
火灾造成房屋损毁严重。
③damage作不及物动词时，本身具有被动含义，不需要再用被动语态。
（误）Glass is damaged easily.
（正）Glass damages easily.
玻璃容易破损。
[备考必背]
①重要词组
damage one's health 损害健康 suffer damage from... 受到……的损害
do/cause a lot of damage to sth. 对……造成巨大损害
②辨析damage和harm
damage指车辆、房屋、庄稼等没有生命的物体受损或毁坏；harm常指对身心健康的损害、危害等，经常用do harm to sb. (=harm sb.)结构。
- The accident damaged his car.
车祸毁坏了他的汽车。
- Bad books do great harm to children.
坏书对孩子们的危害极大。danger n. ①危险 ②危险的人或物
[特征]
danger作“危险”讲时是不可数名词，作“危险的人或物”讲时是可数名词。
- All danger was over.
所有危险都已经过去了。
- That man is a danger to society.
那人对于社会是个危险人物。
[考点]
①danger通常和of引导的短语搭配，不能接不定式短语。
（误）I'm afraid there may be some danger to be misled.
（正）I'm afraid there may be some danger of being misled.
恐怕有被引入歧途的危险。
②重要词组
be in danger 处于危险之中（没有冠词the） be out of danger 脱离危险
- The bridge is in danger of collapse.
桥要塌了。
- He is now out of danger.
他现在已经脱离危险了。
③派生词：dangerous adj. 危险的
④辨析be in danger和dangerous
be in danger表示“（主语）处于危险之中”，而dangerous是指主语对别人有危害。
- She was ill and in danger.
她生病了，处于病危之中。
- The roof of the house has damaged. It is dangerous.
这房子的屋顶坏了，很危险。dawn n. 黎明，拂晓 vi. 破晓
[特征]
dawn指的是在早晨阳光刚刚出现的那段时间。
at dawn 在黎明时分
- The teacher works from dawn to dark.
那位老师从天亮工作到天黑。
- It dawns.
天亮了。dead adj. 死的；凋谢的
- His uncle has been dead for 8 years.
他叔叔去世已经八年了。
- The dead were buried at the foot of the hill.
死者被埋在山脚下。
[贴心叮咛]
一定要把dead和同根词died,dying区别开。
[备考必背]
①辨析dead, died和dying
dead形容词，表示“死亡”这一状态，和一段时间连用时一定要用dead；died是die的过去式，die是“死亡”，是短暂性动词，不能和表示以短时间的状语连用；dying的意思是“要死的，垂死的”。
（误）His old brother has died for two years.
（正）His old brother has been dead for two years.
他哥哥去世已经两年了。
- Some soldiers died in battle.
一些士兵在战争中阵亡。
a dying bird 一只快死的鸟
②派生词：death n. 死，死亡
- She was shocked by the sudden death of her father.
她被父亲的突然死亡震惊了。
[特征]
- The bad weather did a lot of damage to the crops.
坏天气使庄稼受到了很大损失。
- The flood damaged several buildings.
洪水使一些建筑受到了破坏。
[贴心叮咛]
damage是个很重要的词，它的基本用法和考点，同学们都要牢牢掌握。
[考点]
①damage作名词“损害”时是不可数名词；作可数名词时意为“损害赔偿费”。
- He was awarded $500 in damages by the court.
法院判给他损害赔偿费五百美元。
②表示“……的损失”不用damage of sth.，而用damage to sth.。
（误）The fire caused a lot of damage of the houses.
（正）The fire caused a lot of damage to the houses.
火灾造成房屋损毁严重。
③damage作不及物动词时，本身具有被动含义，不需要再用被动语态。
（误）Glass is damaged easily.
（正）Glass damages easily.
玻璃容易破损。
[备考必背]
①重要词组
damage one's health 损害健康 suffer damage from... 受到……的损害
do/cause a lot of damage to sth. 对……造成巨大损害
②辨析damage和harm
damage指车辆、房屋、庄稼等没有生命的物体受损或毁坏；harm常指对身心健康的损害、危害等，经常用do harm to sb. (=harm sb.)结构。
- The accident damaged his car.
车祸毁坏了他的汽车。
- Bad books do great harm to children.
坏书对孩子们的危害极大。danger n. ①危险 ②危险的人或物
[特征]
danger作“危险”讲时是不可数名词，作“危险的人或物”讲时是可数名词。
- All danger was over.
所有危险都已经过去了。
- That man is a danger to society.
那人对于社会是个危险人物。
[考点]
①danger通常和of引导的短语搭配，不能接不定式短语。
（误）I'm afraid there may be some danger to be misled.
（正）I'm afraid there may be some danger of being misled.
恐怕有被引入歧途的危险。
②重要词组
be in danger 处于危险之中（没有冠词the） be out of danger 脱离危险
- The bridge is in danger of collapse.
桥要塌了。
- He is now out of danger.
他现在已经脱离危险了。
③派生词：dangerous adj. 危险的
④辨析be in danger和dangerous
be in danger表示“（主语）处于危险之中”，而dangerous是指主语对别人有危害。
- She was ill and in danger.
她生病了，处于病危之中。
- The roof of the house has damaged. It is dangerous.
这房子的屋顶坏了，很危险。dawn n. 黎明，拂晓 vi. 破晓
[特征]
dawn指的是在早晨阳光刚刚出现的那段时间。
at dawn 在黎明时分
- The teacher works from dawn to dark.
那位老师从天亮工作到天黑。
- It dawns.
天亮了。dead adj. 死的；凋谢的
- His uncle has been dead for 8 years.
他叔叔去世已经八年了。
- The dead were buried at the foot of the hill.
死者被埋在山脚下。
[贴心叮咛]
一定要把dead和同根词died,dying区别开。
[备考必背]
①辨析dead, died和dying
dead形容词，表示“死亡”这一状态，和一段时间连用时一定要用dead；died是die的过去式，die是“死亡”，是短暂性动词，不能和表示以短时间的状语连用；dying的意思是“要死的，垂死的”。
（误）His old brother has died for two years.
（正）His old brother has been dead for two years.
他哥哥去世已经两年了。
- Some soldiers died in battle.
一些士兵在战争中阵亡。
a dying bird 一只快死的鸟
②派生词：death n. 死，死亡
- She was shocked by the sudden death of her father.
她被父亲的突然死亡震惊了。