Part C

46. ［答案］
如今的科学技术中一种新的现象是，科学研究越来越朝着“有指导的”或“有计划的”趋势发展，也就是说，这种研究的范围和目标是由私人或政府机构，而不是由研究人员自己事先确定的。
［注释］ “名词 + 同位语 + 定语从句”是英语中常见的句式。

47. ［答案］
然而，科学家虽然常常在设备不足、不尽如人意的实验室工作，可是却能自由地选择他所喜欢的研究课题，因为不存在科学家必须服从的事先决定了的研究项目。
［注释］ he liked是定语从句，修饰先行词subject。to which he had to conform 是定语从句，修饰先行词program。conform to 意为“服从；遵守”。

48. ［答案］
随着本世纪时间的推移，欲待解决的问题与日俱增，其复杂性日趋深化。这一切在许多情况下使单个科学家无法处理进行精确而高效研究所需要的大量新资料、新技术和新设备。
［注释］ it 是形式宾语，for sb. to do sth. 是带逻辑主语的动词不定式作实际宾语。that 引导定语从句，修饰前面三个并列的名词。

49. ［答案］
由于涉及大笔科研经费，因此有必要把这些人力和物力投入到目标明确的具体研究领域。
50. ［答案］
因此，科学家不断从理论科学研究领域转移到应用科学研究领域，因为后者能提供比在大学做纯理论研究工作更多的工作机会，而且通常待遇更优厚，技术设施更好。
［注释］ frequently more highly-paid and with better technical facilities than...是后置定语，修饰前面的名词jobs。

小结

按考试大纲的要求，英译汉短文总字数约400字。划线句子的总字数为150字左右。英译汉解题时间一般为30分钟左右。本文409字，5个划线句子的总长度略长，但句子结构的难度一般。2010年英译汉难度适中。编者估计2011年英译汉试题难度与2010年基本上保持一致。

Section Ⅲ Writing

Part A

51. 投诉信［参考样文］

Dear Sirs,

I am writing to complain about a chemical plant which contaminates the nearby river. Every day the plant drains a surprisingly large amount of waste liquids into it. The water in it has become gray and gives off a strong smell.

I think the local authorities should adopt several strong measures to deal with the public hazard. Firstly, it is necessary to prohibit the plant from discharging waste water into the river before it is purified. Secondly, a series of environment protection rules need to be laid down. Those who violate them deserve to be fined heavily.

Hoping the problem will be solved as soon as possible.

Thanks for your attention.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

(111words)

[分析] 书信类应用文包括介绍信、推荐信、请求信、求职信、投诉信、建议信、道歉信、劝告信、拒绝信、邀请信等。考研英语书信类应用文的格式要求如下：

1. 称呼 (Salutation)

2. 正文 (Body)

3. 结尾套话 (Complimentary close)

4. 签名 (Signature)

考研英语书信类应用文不要求考生写信头、信内地址及写信时间。个人签名统一用“李明(Li Ming)”这个名字。字数要求在100字左右。

Part B

52. 议论文［参考样文］

Money has always been what some people long for. It is true that most of them work hard to acquire wealth. But, as is depicted in the picture, there are also people who dream of making a fortune all day and night. Money has become a mental burden for them, which makes them worried and depressed.

The picture means a lot to us. There is no doubt that wealth brings happiness, especially in the modern society. Various kinds of up-to-date electric appliances, latest fashions and recreations are coming into being with each passing day. All these miracles make our lives comfortable and colorful. But material comforts do not necessarily mean happiness. Money may tempt (=lure) weak-willed persons to be addicted to harmful habits and result in their own ruin. Moreover, a person may lose his reason and go astray if he only intends to seek wealth and indulges himself in a luxurious life. Obviously, it is crucial that we take a proper attitude toward money.

In my opinion, on no account should we equate wealth with happiness. The things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought with money, such as a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction. (202 words)

注：lose his reason and go astray失去理智并误入歧途。come into being出现。equate...with...把…与…等同起来。

参考译文：

金钱一直是有些人所渴望的对象。确实，大多数人通过努力工作来获取财富。但是，正如此图所示，也有那么一些人整天梦想发财。金钱已经成了他们的精神负担，使他们焦虑和沮丧。

这幅画确实发人深省。毫无疑问，财富会带来幸福，尤其在现代社会里。各种现代化的家用电器、 时装和娱乐项目层出不穷、 日新月异。所有这些奇迹使我们的生活更为舒适、更加丰富多彩。但是，物质舒适未必意味着幸福。金钱可以促使意志薄弱者养成恶习，并导致他们自身的毁灭。此外，如果一个人一心只追求财富并沉溺于奢侈的生活，他就会失去理智、误入歧途。显然，我们必须正确对待金钱。

依我看, 无论如何我们也不能把金钱和幸福等同起来。那些最能使人产生幸福感的东西是不能用金钱买到的，如和睦的家庭生活、友谊和事业上的满足感。

小结

Part A是应用文，要求写一封投诉信。Part B是漫画加提纲作文。命题形式与大纲规定的命题形式相一致。大作文的命题不仅要求考生简短描述图画，而且要求考生写出其用意并说明自己的看法。考生应从参考作文中归纳出短文框架(划线句子)、段落结构和常用句型（黑体字），以达到举一反三、触类旁通的目的。要通过汉英对照、背诵、改写、套用，达到活学活用的目的。短文写作解题时间A节应用文一般为15分钟左右，B节说明性议论文一般为30分钟左右。