W: Hi, Paul. Thanks very much for joining us today. You’ve spent the past 20 years as a physician working in some of the poorest places on earth. And over that time, you’ve written a lot about inequality and health care. How has the connection affected your work?

M: I think in a way, studying in difficult places at a squatter settlement in central Haiti has been very helpful to our work. Because there’s an extremity hid there in terms of the health status of the people. And what’s available to them that you just have to confront early on. There isn’t health infrastructure. There aren’t people there to deliver health services whether prevention or care. And yet, that’s precisely where the sickest people are. I think looking back to 20 something years ago, it was because we started in that setting that we had to develop models that would work in places with very scant health infrastructure and knowing that we would build it over time. But that there was a lot that you could do immediately -- train local people to be community health workers, erect modest facilities and try to provide high quality care. That’s how it started for us in Haiti. And really, that's the model we’ve taken to the other nine countries in which we work.

W: It sounds so you needed to deal with issues that many people might not consider medical like housing and water, and things like that.

M: That is true. There are two ways to look at this. I think as a physician or a provider of services. If I'm in the Harvard training hospital and I'm a surgeon, then no one's going to expect me to diagnose and treat the disease but also build the operating room and find electricity and supplies. But that's very much what we have to do. So, there's that side of the model and that leads as you’ve said to listening hard to what patients say about their other problems. If you have someone who has typhoid, they got that because they don't have clean drinking water. So, you can keep spending your whole life treating typhoid which can be a fatal disease as you probably know. Or you can treat typhoid and try to put in clean water.

Q11. What’s the man’s job most probably?
Q12. For how many years has the man worked in Haiti?
Q13. Why does the man think starting work in Haiti has been very helpful to his work?
Q14. They did several things to build a model in Haiti. Which of the following is not one of these things?
Q15. Apart from diagnosing and treating the disease, what should a doctor do when he works in Haiti?

【解析】

根据女性的问题可以听出，该访谈的对象是一名在海地（Haiti）工作的医生。该医生除了治病救人之外，还十分关注海地社会中的不平等以及该国的医疗卫生状况。在贫困地区进行的研究给他的工作带来了巨大的帮助，那里医疗基础设施条件差、医疗服务从业者稀少，但是他们克服了重重阻碍，建立起了医疗设施，训练当地人成为社区医疗服务者，为当地以及其他贫困国家和地区医疗卫生事业的发展树立了模范。
本篇听力难度适中，对于一些专有名词如Haiti、typhoid，如果听不出，不用过分纠结，重点是把握大意，抓住一些重点细节，如数字、时间、工作具体内容等等。
关键词
physician 内科医师
inequality 不平等
extremity 极端；险境
infrastructure 基础设施
facility 设施
diagnose 诊断
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