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备考主谓一致的五个易错点
日期:2017-05-15

备考主谓一致的五个易错点

一、误解集合名词的单复数意义

英语中的集合名词,有些只表示复数意义,如police, people, cattle 等;有些只表示单数意义,如clothing, poetry, baggage / luggage, furniture, machinery, scenery, jewellery, equipment 等;有些既可表示单数意义(视为整体)也可表示复数意义(考虑其中的个体),如family, team, class, crowd, government, crew, committee, audience 等。

警方正调查事故原因。

正:The police are looking into the cause of the accident.

误:The police is looking into the cause of the accident.

你在清洗地毯之前得把所有的家具都挪出室外。

正:All the furniture has to be moved out before you clean the rug.

误:All the furniture have to be moved out before you clean the rug.

二、根据字面意义错用主谓一致

在有些情况下,从字面上看,好像是单数意,但实际上句子真正的主语是复数。如:

这些年轻人每个人都有不同的观点。

正:These young people each have a different point of view.

误:These young people each has a different point of view.

说明:句子真正的主语是 these young people,而不是 each。

三、误将主语后的介词短语为句子主语

当句子主语后面接有 in addition to, with, along with, together with, except, but等介词引出的短语时,其后的谓语动词形式取决介词前主语,而与介词短语中的名词无关。如:

除我父母之外没有知道此事。

正:No one except my parents knows anything about this.

误:No one except my parents know anything about this.

四、没弄清用作主语的指代意义

有些用作主语的名词或代词的意思并不是固定的,而是需要根据句子的上文来确实,此时则要注意它所指代的相关词语是复数意义还是单数意义。如:

他说的有一部分是真的,其余的就不是了。

正:Part of what he says is true; the rest is not.

误:Part of what he says is true; the rest are not.

所有的房间都有货个人浴缸,并且大多数房间还有无线电和电视机。

正:All of the rooms have private baths, and most have radios and TV.

误:All of the rooms have private baths, and most has radios and TV.

五、不知道主谓一致中的某些特殊用法

英语中有些特殊结构,它们虽然意义是复数,但习惯上要用配单数谓语动词,其中最典型的是“many a +名词”和“more than one +名词”这两个结构。如:

Many a child was playing there. 很多小孩在那儿玩。

More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试未及格。

【即学即练】用括号内所给词的适当形式填空:

1. The goods that you ordered _______ (have) arrived in the store.

2. The headmaster said that the teacher rather than the students _______ (be) to blame.

3. 20 kg of luggage _______ (be) the maximum we allow on the flight.

4. Some guests are already here and the rest _______ (be) coming.

5. A few people were killed in the fire, but most _______ (be) saved.

6. All the machinery in the factory _______ (be) made in China.

7. I was told that his children as well as his wife _______ (be) invited to the party.

8. Many a mother _______ (try) to act out her unrealized dreams through her daughter.

参考答案:1. have  2. was  3. is  4. are  5. were  6. is  7. were  8. tries