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what is what, which is which与who is who
日期:2017-08-31

what is what, which is whichwho is who

这三个表达在口语中非常常用,由于其结构相同,用法相似,所以经常被弄混。本文拟对其用法区别作一归纳。

一、what is what

what’s what在口语中通常与动词know, learn, show, tell, perceive等连用,其主要用法有:

1. 表示“哪个是哪个”。如:

The weeds and the flowers are coming up together, and we can’t tell what is what. 杂草和花长在一起,我们都没法区别哪是草哪是花。

It will take you a few weeks to learn what’s what in the job. 你要花几个星期的工夫才能熟悉这项工作。

2. 表示“好东西与坏东西”“有用的东西与无用的东西”“青红皂白”。如:

He can’t tell what’s what. 他好丑不分(from www.hxen.com)。

You’re old enough now to know what’s what. 你已经不小了,应该知道好歹了。

3. 表示“什么事情有用”“什么事情重要”。如:

She certainly knows what’s what. 她当然知道轻重缓急。

4. 表示“事情的真相”“事情的究竟”。如:

I keep my ears open and I know what’s what around the office. 我一直在注意听,知道办公室发生的情况。

If he gets angry enough, he’ll tell you what’s what. 假如他生气到一定的程度,他会告诉你到底是怎么一回事。

5. 表示“事情的诀窍”。如(from www.hxen.com):

When it comes to cooking, Jenny knows what’s what. 谈到烹饪,詹妮是内行。

Linda’s been in the business for thirty years—she knows what’s what. 琳达在这一行当里干了30年,很老练了。

二、which is which

which is which的意思“哪个是哪个”,通常用于区分两个十分相似的人或事物,一般与动词tell, know等连用。如:

You don’t know which is which, do you? 你不知道哪个是哪个,对吗?

These kittens look exactly alike—how can you tell which is which? 这些小猫看上去一模一样,你怎么能分出哪个是哪个?

The twins are so much alike that I can’t tell which is which. 这对双胞胎长得可真像,我都分不出谁是谁了。

Tag the bottles now or we’ll forget which is which. 把这些瓶子加上标签,否则的话,我们就忘了哪个是哪个了。

注:有时可用which…is which这样的形式。如(from www.hxen.com):

It took three months before we knew which end of the ship was which. 我们花了三个月时间才弄清楚哪是船头哪是船尾。

 

 

 

三、who is who

who is who的意思是“谁是谁”“人们的情况(姓名、工作、身份等)”,通常与动词know, learn, remember等连用。如:

It was so dark I couldn’t tell who was who. 光线很暗,我分不清哪个是哪个。

I don’t know anyone at this party; you must tell me who’s who. 这晚会上我一个人也不认识,你要告诉我哪个是哪个(即给我作介绍)。

You’ll soon find out who’s who in this department. 你很快就能弄清楚这个部门每个人的情况。

When I go to those family reunions, I can never remember who’s who. 我去参加那些家庭团圆聚会时,从来记不住谁是谁。

注:大写的Who’s Who意为“名人录”“名人词典”。如:

Who’s Who states he retired in 1980. 《名人录》上说他于1980年退休了。

The guest list reads like a Who’s Who of top American businessmen. 宾客名单读起来像是美国顶级商人的名人录。


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