以a-开头的形容词用法新探·adrift
■ 江苏省丰县首羡镇逸夫中学 李 翔
一、adrift 的用法：
1. (尤指船) 随风及水流漂浮而失去控制，漂浮( (esp of a boat) driven by wind and water and out of control；drifting) 作表语。例如：
The survivors were adrift on a raft for six days. 幸存者在筏子上漂浮了六天。
The ship was adrift on the high seas. 那艘船在公海上飘流。
2. 漫无目的的；随波逐流的(having no purpose；aimless) ，作表语。例如：
The football team was adrift while the coach was sick. 教练生病时，足球队员便放任自流。
3. 松开，脱开( unfastened；loose) 作表语。例如：
Part of the car’s bumper had come adrift. 汽車的保险杠有一处松动。
4. 有故障；出錯；有毛病(out of order; wrong) 作表语。例如：
Our plans went badly adrift. 我们的计划严重受挫。
二、adrift 的搭配
1. be all adrift
(1) 漂流。例如：
The ship was all adrift three days and nights. 这条船漂流了三天三夜。
(2) 莫名其妙；茫然失措。例如：
For all your effort to enlighten me, I am still all adrift. 尽管你设法让我开窍，我可仍然莫名其妙。
2. come[go]adrift
(1) 松开；脱落。例如：
The button has come adrift. 扣子脱落了。
(2) 有故障；出錯；有毛病。例如：
The project went adrift.这个项目出问题了。
3. set[ turn] adrift
(1) 使漂流。例如：
King Acrisius, in dismay, ordered mother and child to be boxed up in a chest, and set adrift on the sea. 阿克里西俄斯国王深为不安，下令将母子俩装进一只箱子扔到海里随波飘浮。
(2) 使漂泊没有着落；撇弃……于不顾。例如：
Two or three grave sedate-looking persons shook their heads, and left the inn, hinting, that if Gile Gosling wished to continue to thrive, he should turn his thriftless godless nephew adrift again.有两三个严肃而沉静的人却摇摇头，走出了旅店，暗示吉尔斯·戈斯林，要是他想生意继续兴隆，就该趁早打发这个奢侈无度、不敬上帝的外甥再到外面去漂泊。
And they would see themselves as the Babes in the Wood, or Cinderella, or young princes more lovely than the morning, turned adrift on the world to seek their fortunes, while vulgar and ugly cuckoos slept in their beds and drank the top of the milk.
4. cast [turn, set] sb / sth. adrift
(1) 使漂流。例如：
The storm set the boat adrift.风暴使那条船漫无目标地飘流。
(2) 逐出(某人)；使漂泊无依；免职, 辞退。例如：
children turned[cast] by society 被社会抛弃漂泊无依的儿童
The country will thus be perilously set adrift, possibly towards the war. 国家将因此而被弄得岌岌可危地随波逐流，可能导致战争。
The war turned him adrift. 战争使得他四处漂泊。
5. cut sb / sth adrift 使漂流。例如：
cut the boat from its moorings 砍断缆绳使船从泊地漂走
6. far adrift 偏离。例如：
We are getting further and further adrift；let us return to the agenda. 我们越来越偏离主题了，让我们回到议事日程上来。
7. adrift from 漂离；脱离，断绝。例如：
The boat went [was set] adrift from the moorings. 那条船漂离了停泊处。
He cut himself adrift from home and family. 他同家庭断绝了了关系。
8. adrift on 漂在……上。例如：
The ship was adrift on the boundless sea. 船漂流在茫茫无边的大海上。
The ship was adrift on unknown seas. 船在陌生的大海上漂流。