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英语副词分类详解
日期:2009-10-24
三、方式副词

1. 方式副词的特点

方式副词表示动词的行为方式,许多以-ly结构的副词都是方式副词,如carefully, happily, quietly, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely, angrily 等。

2. 方式副词在句中的位置

(1) 方式副词通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后:

He read the letter slowly. 他从容不迫地看了那封信。

方式副词通常不位于动词与宾语之间,除非动词后的宾语很长:

不可说:We like very much it. (应改为We like it very much.)

但可说:We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. 我们可以很清楚地看到在我们前方有一道奇怪的光。

若遇到“动词+介词+宾语”结构,方式副词既可位于“介词+宾语”之前,也可位于“介词+宾语”之后,但是若该结构的宾语较长,则方式副词通常位于“介词+宾语”之前:

He looked at me curiously. / He looked curiously at me. 他好奇地打量着我。

He looked curiously at everyone who got off the plane. 他好奇地打量着从飞机上走下来的每一个人。

(2) 方式副词(主要是单个的方式副词)有时也可位于主语与动词之间:

He quickly got dressed. 他赶紧穿好衣服。

He angrily tore up the letter. 他很生气,把信撕碎了。

(3) 有的方式副词(如bravely, cleverly, cruelly, foolishly, generously, kindly, secretly, simply等)位于动词之前和位于句末会导致句子意思的变化:

They secretly decided to leave the town. 他们秘密决定离开这个城市。

They decided to leave the town secretly. 他们决定秘密地离开这个城市。

He answered the questions foolishly. 他对这个问题作了愚蠢的回答。

He foolishly answered the questions. 他愚蠢地回答了这个问题。

(4) 有的方式副词(如gently, quietly, slowly, suddenly 等)有时可位于句首,以达到某种戏剧性的效果(这主要见于书面语中):

Suddenly, the driver started the engine. 突然地,司机启动了发动机。

 

四、频度副词

1. 频度副词的特点

频度副词表示动作发生的次数,常见有的ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually, continually, always 等。

2. 频度副词在句中的位置

频度副词通常位于实意动词之前,动词be、助动词、情态动词之后:

He often comes to see us. 他常来看我们。

He is seldom late for school. 他上学很少迟到。

有时为了强调,频度副词也可位于动词be、助动词等之前:

She always was late. 她老是迟到。

有的频度副词可位于句末(尤其受very, only修饰时):

I get paid on Fridays usually. 我通常在星期五领工资。

We go out very seldom. 我们很少外出。

Do you go to the cinema very often? 你常去看电影吗?

有的频度副词(如sometimes, often, usually, frequently, occasionally等)可位于句首(此时多半是因为强调或对比):

Sometimes he went there by bus. 有时他坐公共汽车去那儿。

Very often the phone rings when I’m in the bath. 电话经常在我洗澡时响。

【注】含有否定意义的频度副词置于句首时,其后要用倒装语序:

Never have I been there. 我从未去过那儿。

Seldom does he see a film. 他很少看电影。

另外,频度副词always 和 never通常不位于句首,除非是祈使句:

Always remember this. 时刻记住这一点。

Never go out at night. 晚上千万不要出去。
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