关于分词作状语的用法说明

分词作状语是分词最主要的作用之一。本文拟对其用法作归纳和说明。

一、分词用作时间状语

Seeing the door open, the stranger entered the house. 那个陌生人看见门开着就进了屋子。

The work finished, they went home. 工作做完后，他们就回家了。

【说明】分词(短语)用作时间状语通常可转换成时间状语从句(引导时间状语的从属连词需根据句意来确定)，如上面两句也可转换成：

When he saw the door open, the stranger entered the house.

When [As soon as] the mouse saw the cat, it ran off.

After the work was finished, they went home.

请看下面的例题：

When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.

A. compared                                           B. being compared         

C. comparing                                          D. having compared

【分析】此题答案选C，分词短语when comparing different cultures相当于时间状语从句when we compare different cultures。

二、分词用作原因状语

Being athletic, Tom found the climb quite easy. 由于身体健壮，汤姆觉得爬山很容易。

His car broken down, he had to walk. 他的车坏了，所以只好走路。

Much discouraged, she moved on to London. 她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。

【说明】分词(短语)用作原因状语通常可转换成由as, because, since, now that 等引导的原因状语从句，如上面三句也可转换成：

As she was very weak, she couldn’t move.

As he was athletic, Tom found the climb quite easy.

Because his car broken was down, he had to walk.

Because she was much discouraged, she moved on to London.

请看下面的例题：

(1) ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.

A. Faced                         B. Face                         C. Facing                         D. To face

【分析】答案选A。现在分词短语faced with so much trouble可转换成原因状语从句because we were faced with so much trouble。(from www.yywords.com)

(2) ______ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (2006福建卷)

A. Blaming                       B. Blamed                    C. To blame                     D. To be blamed

【分析】答案选B。现在分词短语blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network可转换成原因状语从句because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network。