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谈谈不定式符号to的省略
日期:2020-06-16


谈谈不定式符号to的省略

 

1. 一般说来,不定式前面要有小品词to,但在下列情况中,不定式前的小品词to须省略。

(1) 情态动词及助动词之后一般要省略to,如:

He can speak several languages. 他能说好几种语言。

We must work hard. 我们必须努力工作。

注意:在used, ought, have, be之后的不定式要带to。如:

He used to come here at eight. 他过去常在八点来这里。

(2) 在感官动词feel, hear, look at, listen to, notice, observe, sense, see, watch及使让动词make后做宾语补足语的不定式前的to须省略。如(from www.hxen.com):

I heard them break a glass in the next door. 我听见他们在隔壁打破了一个玻璃杯子。

注意:当这些动词,除let, have没有被动语态外,变为被动语态时,不定式前的to不能省略。如:

They were heard to break a glass in the next door. 听见他们在隔壁打破了一个玻璃杯子。

(3) 不定式作介词besides, but, except的宾语或系动词be的表语时,而在介词besides, but, except或系动词be前有do的某种形式,不定式前的to须省略。如:

We can do nothing but wait there. 我们除了在那儿等待之外,没有其它的办法。

(4) 不定式在cannot but, had better / best, rather than, sooner than, would rather, would sooner, know better than等短语之后时,不定式前的to常被省略。如:

I would rather watch a TV play than play cards. 我宁愿看一场电视剧,也不愿打牌。

(5) 用why向第二人称you 提问,而you被省略时,动词前不能用to,从而构成Why (not) do…? 如:

You look tired. Why not have a good rest. 你看起来很疲倦,何不好好休息一下呢?

(6)  在go hang, hear say, hear tell, let go, let fly, make believe, make do 等固定搭配中,不定式前的to常被省略。如(from www.hxen.com):

I used to hear say that he came from Canada. 我过去常听说他是加拿大人。

2. 有时候,不定式前面的小品词to可有可无。如:

(1) 动词help, bid, know等接不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式前面的小品词to可有可无。如:

He used to help us (to) practice our spoken English. 他过去常帮助我们练习英语口语

(2) 动词help, stare等接不定式作宾语时,不定式前面的小品词to可有可无。如:

Can you help buy a stamp for me, please? 请帮我买张邮票,好吗?

 


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