主动语态变为被动语态的方法

一、简单句的主动语态变被动语态

(1) 通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。如：

Li Lei planted the tree last year. → The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。

Workers made the machines in Changsha. → The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。

(2) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如：

He painted the door green yesterday. →The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天门被漆成绿色了。

注意：表示“使、让”的动词make, have等，以及感官动词see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的 to 要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带to。如：

I saw him go into the teachers’office. →He was seen to go into the teachers’office. 看见他进入了教师办公室。

(3) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加to 或for留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。如(from www.hxen.com)：

He gave me the pen last year. →I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 这支笔是去年给我的。

【说明】一般说来，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw等；间接宾语前带for的动词有：book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save等(from www.hxen.com)。

(4) 动词believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式。如：

He was said to get hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。

It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。

(5) 短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。如：

She has never been operated on before. 她从未动过手术。

The baby was looked after by her sister. 这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。

His plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的计划大家都嘲笑。

二、复合句的主动语态变被动语态

复合句的主动语态变被动语态时，复合句中的主句和从句都须同时变为被动语态。如：

Li Lei told us that the teacher praised him today. →We were told that Li Lei was praised by the teacher today. 有人告诉我们说今天李蕾受到了老师的表扬(from www.hxen.com)。