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[00:00.00]恒星英语学习网 Unit 14
[00:01.49]14单元
[00:02.98]Festivals
[00:04.51]节日
[00:06.03]Reading
[00:07.37]阅读
[00:08.70]THE BIRTH OF A FESTIVAL
[00:10.46]节日的起源
[00:12.23]You probably know that Christmas,
[00:14.34]你也知道圣诞节,
[00:16.46]the Spring Festival and Ramadan are important holidays in the world.
[00:19.72]春节,和斋月是世界上较为重要的节日.
[00:22.99]But have you heard about Kwanzaa?
[00:24.97]可是你听说过宽扎文化节吗?
[00:26.96]Kwanzaa is a seven-day festival
[00:29.28]宽扎文化节是个为期7天的节日.
[00:31.61]celebrating the culture and history of African Americans.
[00:34.57]用以庆祝非裔美国人的文化和历史.
[00:37.54]The week following Christmas Day,
[00:39.58]在紧随圣诞节之后的一周里,
[00:41.61]Many African American families get together to greet the new year
[00:44.80]许多非裔美国家庭聚集在一起迎接新年,
[00:47.99]and think about the past.
[00:49.75]回想过去.
[00:51.51]African Americans have a long history and a rich culture,
[00:54.40]非美国人历史悠久,文化丰富,
[00:57.29]but Kwanzaa is a young holiday.
[00:59.36]但是宽扎节是个年轻的节日.
[01:01.44]Kwanzaa was born in 1966,
[01:03.92]宽扎节起源于1966年,
[01:06.40]when people created a new festivalM.
[01:08.44]卡伦加博士为了创立这个新节日.
[01:10.48]so that African Americans would be able to celebrate their history and culture.
[01:13.74]非裔美国人庆祝他们的历史和文化
[01:17.01]The people who created Kwanzaa used the word for "first fruit" in Swahili,
[01:20.84]创立宽扎节的人们选择了斯瓦希里语中“初收果实”一词
[01:24.66]one of the largest languages in Africa.
[01:26.88]非洲最大语言
[01:29.10]They chose the word
[01:30.62]他们选择这个词
[01:32.13]because there are many festivals in Africa called "first fruit" festivals.
[01:35.52]因为在非洲有许多节日叫做“果实初收”节.
[01:38.90]The African first-fruit festivals had many things in common:
[01:41.83]非洲的果实初收节有许多共同之处:
[01:44.75]people would get together to celebrate their harvest;
[01:47.17]人们聚会庆祝丰收;
[01:49.58]they used to give thanks for their harvests and for life:
[01:52.07]他们感谢丰收,感谢生活
[01:54.55]they used to honour their ancestors,celebrate their past,
[01:57.67]他们庆祝他们的祖先,他人们的过去,
[02:00.79]and the group or society they lived in.
[02:03.01]他们的种族或是他们的生活于其中的社会.
[02:05.23]The festivals were a way to celebrate history and culture,
[02:07.91]这些节日是礼赞历史和文化的一种方式,
[02:10.59]as well as the new year.
[02:12.32]也作为新年.
[02:14.06]The people who created Kwanzaa
[02:16.14]创立宽扎节的人们
[02:18.21]liked the characteristics of the African festivals so much
[02:21.04]对于非洲节日的特色喜欢之极.
[02:23.86]that they used them to write the Seven Principles of Kwanzaa.
[02:26.64]他们把这些节日特色写成<<宽扎节七原则>>.
[02:29.42]The seven principles are:Unity.
[02:32.01]这七个原则是:统一.
[02:34.59]We must build unity of family,community and nation.
[02:37.68]我们必须建立统一的家庭,社会和国家.
[02:40.76]Self-determination.
[02:42.43]自治.
[02:44.10]We have to build our own lives,think for ourselves and speak for ourselves.
[02:48.07]我们必须建立起自己的生活,为我们自己而创造为自己仗义执言.
[02:52.04]Living together.
[02:53.57]一起生活
[02:55.10]We should build our community and solve our problems together.
[02:58.06]我们必须建立自己的社区,共同解决我们的问题.
[03:01.03]Working together.
[03:02.54]一起工作.
[03:04.06]We should build and support our factories and shops.
[03:06.63]我们必须建立并支持自己的工厂和商店
[03:09.20]Purpose.We should remember our past and build our future.
[03:12.63]目标.我们必须记住我们的过去,建设我们的末来
[03:16.05]We should honour our ancestors.
[03:18.03]缅怀祖先,教育后代.
[03:20.02]Creativity.
[03:21.50]创造
[03:22.97]We must do as much as we can to make our community better and more beautiful.
[03:26.45]我们应当尽最大努力使我们的社区更加美好.
[03:29.92]Faith.
[03:31.30]信任
[03:32.69]We should believe in our family,our people,our teachers and our leaders.
[03:36.62]我们应当信任我们的家庭,我们的人民,我们的老师,还有我们的领袖
[03:40.55]People celebrate Kwanzaa from December 26 to January1.
[03:43.97]人们庆祝宽扎节的时间是从12月26日至元月1日
[03:47.40]The dates were chosen so that Kwanzaa begins the day after Christmas Day
[03:50.73]这个日期的确定使得宽扎节从圣诞节后的第一天开始
[03:54.06]and ends on New Year's Day.
[03:55.98]到元旦的那一天结束.
[03:57.90]This way,people who celebrate Kwanzaa can enjoy the spirit of the holidays
[04:01.58]这样,庆祝宽扎节的人们就可以完全
[04:05.26]without all the commercial activities of Christmas.
[04:07.75]抛开圣诞节的一切商业活动,尽情领略节日的欢乐.
[04:10.23]Since Kwanzaa is a time for learning as well as joy,
[04:13.10]因为宽扎节是一个感悟和喜庆的时刻,
[04:15.97]people celebrate it by lighting a candle each day
[04:18.76]因而人们的庆祝方式是每一天都点燃一支蜡烛
[04:21.54]and discussing one of the seven principles of Kwanzaa.
[04:24.16]讨论宽扎节七大原则中的一条.
[04:26.79]The candle is usually lit by the youngest child in the family.
[04:29.62]蜡烛一般由家庭中年龄最小点燃.
[04:32.46]On the last day of Kwanzaa,
[04:34.34]在宽扎节的最后一天,
[04:36.22]family and friends gather to enjoy a large meal
[04:38.90]家庭成员和友人要聚集起来吃大餐,
[04:41.57]and to celebrate the new year.
[04:43.49]以庆祝新年的到来
[04:45.41]Creating a new festival may seem an unusual way to celebrate history and culture,
[04:49.14]创造一个新的节日看起来很不一样.礼赞我们的历史和文化
[04:52.86]but we are in fact all creating new festivals every year.
[04:55.75]但事实上,我们每年都在创造新的节日
[04:58.63]Each time we celebrate a festival it changes a little
[05:01.41]每次庆祝节日都有一点点改变.
[05:04.20]and in that way we keep our culture alive.
[05:06.72]就是以这种方式来保持我们的文化新活力.
[05:09.24]The Spring Festival,Christmas,Ramadan,Kwanzaa
[05:12.80]春节,圣诞节,斋月,宽扎节,
[05:16.37]and all the other holidays and festivals
[05:18.55]和其它的节日
[05:20.73]help us understand who we are,
[05:22.80]都在帮助我们弄明白我们是谁,
[05:24.86]remember where we come from,and share our hopes for a happy future.
[05:28.35]记住我们是从哪里来,并共同希冀幸福的未来.
[05:31.83]Integrating skills      Reading and writing
[05:36.31]综合技能   读和写
[05:40.79]1.Read about these festivals and discuss the questions below.
[05:44.37]1.读关于这些节日的文章,讨论下面的问题.
[05:47.95]Earth day
[05:49.37]地球日
[05:50.80]Earth Day is celebrated on March 21,the first day of spring.
[05:54.38]地球日是在三月21日,春天的第一天.
[05:57.96]Earth Day is a celebration of life and our planet.
[06:00.89]地球日是一个赞颂生命与地球的节日.
[06:03.83]It is a reminder that we need to care about the world we live in
[06:07.06]它也提醒我们:关心我们赖以生存的地球,
[06:10.29]and that we should learn to respect life and nature.
[06:12.86]尊重生命与自然.
[06:15.43]Martin Luther King,Jr Day
[06:17.40]马丁.路德.金纪念日,
[06:19.38]Americans celebrate the memory of Dr King on the third Monday of January.
[06:22.76]美国人把每年一月的第三个星期一作为金的纪念日.
[06:26.14]The day became a national holiday in 1985.
[06:28.72]1985年,这一天成为全国性的假期.
[06:31.29]The theme of the 2002 holiday was:
[06:33.77]2002年马丁.路德.金纪念日主题是:
[06:36.25]"Remember!Celebrate!Act!A Day On,Not A Day Off!"
[06:40.24]"纪念!庆祝!行动起来!继续奋斗,不要停息!
[06:44.22]"Day of the Dead
[06:45.84]鬼节
[06:47.46]The Day of the Dead is an ancient festival celebrated in Mexico.
[06:50.54]鬼节是墨西哥人纪念逝去亲人的古老节日.
[06:53.62]The festival honours both the living and the dead.
[06:56.21]这一节日既是为死去的人而设的,也是为活着的人而设的.
[06:58.80]People give sugar skeletons to each other as gifts.
[07:01.42]人们互赠动物骨骼.
[07:04.05]It is not a sad day,but rather a time to celebrate the cycle of life.
[07:07.98]它不是一个悲伤的日子,而是一个庆祝生命轮回的日子.
[07:11.91]April Fool's Day
[07:13.49]愚人节
[07:15.07]April 1st is a day when strange things may happen.
[07:17.85]四月一日是会发生怪事的日子.
[07:20.63]Our friends will play tricks on us and try to fool us.
[07:23.45]我们的朋友跟我们玩恶作剧,试图愚弄我们.
[07:26.28]If a person is taken in,he or she is called "April fool!"
[07:29.61]一个人只要上当受骗,就会被叫做"四月愚人".
[07:32.94]The best trick is one that makes everyone laugh,
[07:35.58]逗得每个人都笑是最好的恶作剧.
[07:38.21]including the "fool".
[07:39.99]包括"愚蠢"
[07:41.77]Work book Unit 14
[07:45.93]练习本 14单元
[07:50.10]Festivals   Integrating skills
[07:52.67]节日   综合技能
[07:55.25]Reading
[07:56.53]读
[07:57.81]Harvest Festivals
[07:59.49]感恩节
[08:01.18]It is likely that people have celebrated harvest festivals
[08:03.84]人们很有可能庆祝感恩节
[08:06.50]ever since they began to plant and gather food.
[08:08.87]从那时到现在他们都在种植和收获粮食.
[08:11.23]Almost every culture has some kind of harvest festival.
[08:13.91]几乎每一种文化都有不同的感恩节.
[08:16.59]As early as3,000 BC,
[08:18.72]早在公元前3000年
[08:20.85]the ancient Egyptians celebrated the first fruit of the new season.
[08:23.88]古埃及人庆祝新季节中的第一批收获的水果.
[08:26.91]All across Africa,people in different countries and cultures
[08:29.91]横跨非洲,人们住在不同的国家有着不同的文化.
[08:32.91]get together for festivals around harvest time.
[08:35.34]一起来庆祝这个收获节
[08:37.77]In West Africa,people celebrate a new harvest with days of dancing and
[08:41.35]非洲的西部,人们跳舞来庆祝新的收获
[08:44.93]offering fruit to their ancestors and gods.
[08:47.45]用水果来祭祀祖先和上帝.
[08:49.97]Onam is an Indian festival that celebrates nature Onam
[08:52.75]是印第安人用来庆祝自然
[08:55.54]and a year of good harvest.
[08:57.30]和一年中最好收成的一种节日.
[08:59.06]In August or September,
[09:00.89]在八月或九月,
[09:02.72]people keep flowers in their homes for ten days
[09:05.24]人们摆些花放在家里十天.
[09:07.76]before the main day of the festival.
[09:09.73]在这个重要的节日前.
[09:11.71]On each day,there is a special event:
[09:14.07]在每一天,这里有特别的竞赛.
[09:16.43]a parade of elephants,fireworks and dances.
[09:19.11]大象游行,烟火,跳舞
[09:21.79]One of the most exciting events is the Onam boat race.
[09:24.52]最有趣的竞赛是:龙船赛.
[09:27.25]The boats used are beautifully painted and decorated with flowers of all colours.
[09:30.79]船通常被着色得很漂亮用各种各样的花来装饰
[09:34.33]The festival also celebrates the return of a king of an old story.
[09:37.61]这种节日也会庆祝古代故事里的国王凯旋归来.
[09:40.88]In the story,the king is a very good king and his people love him.
[09:44.15]在故事里,国王是最好的国王,他的人们很爱他.
[09:47.42]The king is so popular that the gods become jealous and send him away.
[09:50.84]国王如此地受欢迎以至上帝很妒忌他把他打发走了.
[09:54.26]To keep the people happy,
[09:55.93]为了使人们快乐,
[09:57.60]the gods let the king return once a year to celebrate Onam with his people
[10:00.99]上帝曾经有一年让国王回来和他的人们一起庆祝
[10:04.37]In Malaysia,there is a similar festival in May.
[10:06.85]在马来群岛的五月里这是个小小的节日.
[10:09.33]People arrange races games and dances to give thanks to the rice gods.
[10:13.05]人们按排种族比赛和跳舞来感谢上帝.
[10:16.78]Chu Suk is a Korean festival that is both a harvest festivalChu Suk
[10:19.90]是韩国人的节日也是感恩节.
[10:23.02]and a time to honour one's ancestors.
[10:25.24]也要拜祭尊敬的祖先.
[10:27.46]During the festival,
[10:28.99]在节日的过程中,
[10:30.52]people visit the graves of their ancestors to show their respect.
[10:33.34]人们来到他们祖先的坟墓前来表现他们的孝敬.
[10:36.16]When the visit to the graves is over,
[10:38.09]当拜祭完之后,
[10:40.03]families gather and have dinner to give thanks and celebrate life.
[10:43.29]一家人聚在一起用餐来感谢和庆祝生活.
[10:46.56]The celebrations include singing,dancing and playing games.
[10:49.64]庆祝包括唱歌,跳舞,玩游戏.
[10:52.72]A very special event takes place the night before Chu Suk.
[10:55.50]在Chu Suk之前发生了一件特别的事.
[10:58.29]Women and girls form a circle and sing traditional festival songs.
[11:01.51]妇女和孩子围成一个圈来唱传统歌.
[11:04.74]In China,people celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival,
[11:07.45]在中国,人们庆祝中秋节
[11:10.17]or Chinese Moon Festival,
[11:12.05]或者是赏月的节日,
[11:13.93]on the fifteenth day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar.
[11:17.05]在阴历第八个月,第十五天.
[11:20.18]It is a time to get together with friends and family under the beautiful full moon
[11:23.45]在这个时间聚在一起,朋友和家人在皎洁的月光下
[11:26.73]and eat mooncakes.
[11:28.31]吃月饼.
[11:29.89]The moon is a symbol of wealth and luck.
[11:32.08]这月亮象征着财富和运气.
[11:34.26]The festival is very popular
[11:36.14]这节日是受欢迎的.
[11:38.02]and is celebrated in many other Asian countries too.
[11:40.73]它也在其它的亚洲地区庆祝
[11:43.45]Though their meaning may have changed over the years,
[11:45.72]虽然他们的用意一年不同一年.
[11:48.00]harvest festivals are still popular all over the world.
[11:50.57]感恩节对于全世界来说还是受欢迎的.
[11:53.14]From Thanksgiving in the West to the Mid-Autumn Festival in the East,
[11:56.16]从西方的感恩节到东方的中秋节.
[11:59.18]the yearly festivals represent our love for family,friends and life.
[12:02.56]每年的节日可以体现出我们有多爱家庭,朋友和生活.
[12:05.94]By celebrating the festivals,
[12:07.82]通过庆祝节日
[12:09.70]we give thanks to the past and greet the future.
[12:14.68]我们祷告过去和将来.