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副词的构成

1.许多副词,尤其是情状副词,是由形容词加ly或其变体构成的。

规则1:一般直接加ly。

brave→bravely; quiet→quietly

He was standing there quietly and smiling at me.

他静静地站在那里，冲着我微笑。

规则2:以ble, gle或ple作结尾的,去掉e加y。

able→ably; simple→simply

规则3:以子音+y作结尾的,将y改成i,再加ly。

angry→angrily; busy→busily; easy→easily; happy→happily

I was busily cooking the fish in the kitchen.

我正在厨房忙着煮鱼。

He took the fish and left laughing happily.

他拿着鱼，快乐地笑着离开了。

但dry, sly后面还可直接加ly。

dry→dryly(drily); sly→slyly(slily)

规则4:以ll作结尾的,只加y。

full→fully; dull→dully

规则5:以ful为字尾的,直接加ly。

useful→usefully; harmful→harmfully

规则6:以ue或ole结尾的,去掉e加ly。

true→truly; due→duly; whole→wholly

I wholly believe what you said.

我完全相信你说的。

规则7:以ic为字尾的,加ally。

heroic→heroically; automatic→automatically; democratic→democratically

但public后面直接加ly。

public→publicly

2.有些以ly作结尾的字不是副词,而是形容词,如:

friendly(友好的),lovely(可爱的)。

3.有些副词不以ly作结尾,如:

quite(非常),perhaps(或许),then(那时)。

He is a quite lovely boy with wings.

他是一个相当可爱的长着翅膀的男孩子。

4.有些字如high, low, near, far, fast, hard, early, late, little, much, enough, pretty,副词与形容词同形,但意义不一定相同。

She is a pretty girl.

她是个漂亮的姑娘。

pretty(漂亮的),用作形容词。

She is pretty clever.

她相当聪明。

pretty(很),用作副词。

He said that I was a pretty girl and my cooking smelt pretty great.

他说我是个漂亮姑娘，而且我的煮的菜闻起来相当棒。

5.在名词或形容词的字头加a。如

head→ahead

way→away

side→aside

loud→aloud。

6.名词字尾加wise, ward, wards, way。

clock→clockwise

back→backward(s)

north→northward(s)

side→sideways

half→halfway