Notes on the text课文注释
1 in return for…，作“作为……的报答”讲。
2 out of business, 倒闭，破产。
3 as long ago as, 作“追溯到”、“早在”讲。注意要与as long as分开，后面这个短语作“只要”或“长达……之久”讲。
4 people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters,
人们情愿支付一大笔钱，也不愿自己毕生的心血毁于歹徒之手。
5 made a name for himself, 出名了。
6 be at war with…, 与……处于战争状态。
7 in times of peace, 在和平时期。
8 a sort of hero, 某种英雄。sort of作“可以说是一种”讲。
参考译文
曾经有一个时期，芝加哥的店主和商行的老板们不得不拿出大笔的钱给歹徒以换取“保护”。如果交款不及时，歹徒们就会很快捣毁他的商店，让他破产。榨取“保护金”并不是一种现代的罪恶行径。早在14世纪，英国人约翰·霍克伍德就有过非凡的发现：人们情愿拿出大笔的钱，也不愿毕生的心血毁于歹徒之手。
600年前，约翰·霍克伍德爵士带着一队士兵来到意大利，在佛罗伦萨附近驻扎下来，很快就出了名。意大利人叫他乔凡尼·阿库托。每次意大利各城邦之间打仗，霍克伍德便把他的士兵雇佣给愿给他出高价的君主。和平时期，当生意萧条时，霍克伍德便带领士兵进入某个城邦，纵火烧毁一两个农场，然后提出，如向他们缴纳保护金，他们便主动撤离。霍克伍德用这种方法挣了大笔钱。尽管如此，意大利人还是把他视作某种英雄。他80岁那年死去时，佛罗伦萨人为他举行了国葬，并为他画像以纪念这位“骁勇无比的战士、杰出的领袖乔凡尼·阿库托先生”。
Summary writing摘要写作
In not more than 80 words write an account of Sir John Hawkwood's career from the time he arrived in Italy. Do not include anything that is not in the last paragraph.
Answer these questions in note form to get your points:
1 Where did Sir John Hawkwood settle six hundred years ago?
2 Whom did he hire soldiers to in times of war?
3 Would he threaten to destroy a city-state in times of peace or not?
4 When would he spare a city-state?
5 Did the Italians regard him as a hero in spite of this or not?
6 How old was he when he died?
7 Who gave him a state funeral when he died?
8 Did they have a picture painted or not?
9 What was it dedicated to?
Vocabulary词汇
Give another word or phrase to replace the following words as they are used in the passage: sums（1．2）;promptly（1．3）;obtaining（1．5）;remarkable（1．7）;settled（1．9）;hire（1．11）;demanded（1．12）.
Composition作文
In not more than 200 words write an imaginary account of one of Sir John Hawkwood's exploits. Use the ideas given below. Do not write more than three paragraphs.
Title:Hawkwood defeated.
Introduction: News that Hawkwood and his men were approaching----panic----villagers prepared to defend farms.
Development: Farmers fought----poorly armed----many killed----Hawkwood destroyed farms----sent message to prince of city-state----demanded money----refused----battle followed----Hawkwood invaded city----many buildings were destroyed----people killed.
Conclusion:Hawkwood was driven off----never attacked this city again----later became the prince's friend.
Letter writing书信写作
You had agreed to give a talk at your local library, but now find that you are unable to do so. Write a letter of about 80 words explaining why. Supply a suitable Introduction and Conclusion. Use the following ideas to write the Purpose:sorry for the inconvenience----you are being sent abroad by your firm----will be away for three weeks----hope to give a talk on a later occasion.
Key structures关键句型
Have. (IKS 90)（参见第2册第90课关键句型）
Exercises练习
A Note how have has been used in lines 8 and 16.
B Write sentences using have with the following:
1 a smoke;
2 got a headache;
3 repaired.