词汇学习 Word study

1．it作先行宾语

it除了可以作虚主语（如It's 9 o'clock）外，还可以作先行主语（如It's a pleasure to be here），或用于分裂句（即强调句）中，如It was George who phoned Jack last night（是乔治昨晚给杰克打了电话）。另外，在主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语这个句型中，常用it作先行宾语，真正的宾语为后面的动词不定式或从句：

People are going to find it difficult to get to work.

人们会感到上班有困难。（to get to work为find的真正宾语）

除find外，常用于这种结构的动词还有think，consider，feel，make，keep等：

He thought it easy to get the tickets.

他以为搞到票很容易。

They consider it impossible to finish the work in three days.

他们认为这项工作不可能在3天之内完成。

She felt it wrong that they should leave the patient alone in the hospital.

她觉得他们把病人独自留在医院是不对的。

She felt it right for them to arrest the thief.

她认为他们逮捕小偷是对的。（for them是后面不定式的逻辑主语）

2．relieve vt.

（1）缓解，减轻：

This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent.

这将在某种程度上减轻对火车的压力。

This medicine has relieved my toothache.

这药减轻了我的牙疼。

（2）使……宽心/宽慰，松一口气：

He was much relieved to hear that the operation had been successful.

听说手术成功，他大大地松了一口气。

The news relieved the whole family.

这消息使全家人放了心。

3．volunteer

（1）vt. , vi.自愿，自动提出，自愿提供：

Some college students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts.

一些大学生自愿在罢工期间驾驶公共汽车。

After the fire, many people volunteered their services.

大火之后，许多人自愿提供服务。

Frank has volunteered for the army.

弗兰克自愿参军。

（2）n. 自愿参加者，志愿者：

The road was built by volunteers.

这条路是由志愿者筑成的。

Are there any volunteers for a try?

有自愿试一试的人吗？

练习答案 Key to written exercises

1．关键句型练习答案

A What will happen: will last (1.2) ; will continue until…is reached (11.3-4) ; will last (1.5); are going to offer (1.6);will relieve (1.7); will have to pass (1.10); are going to take (1.10); are going to find (11.10-11); will drive (1.12)

2．难点练习答案

1 He thought it safe to cross the road.

2 He finds it unnecessary to practise for long.

3 You'll find it hard to find a job.

4 She thinks it important to speak clearly.

5 I thought it unwise for him to wait so long.

6 I considered it a good thing that she gave up smoking.

3．多项选择题答案

1c  2c  3a  4b  5d  6c

7c  8c  9d  10a  11c  12d

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