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新概念第二册自学导读 Lessons68
日期:2011-10-04

课文详注 Further notes on the text

1.I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. 我穿过马路以便避开他,但他看到我并朝我跑过来。

(1)avoid 以及本课中出现的 enjoy, fancy, mind, finish等动词后面只跟名词性的宾语,即只跟名词或动名词:

They managed to avoid a car crash/crashing their car into the wall.

他们设法躲过了一起汽车撞车事故/避免了将车撞在墙上。

(2)running 引导的是分词短语,作状语,修饰 came,表示伴随状况:

She ran after the thief shouting out for help.

她一边追赶小偷,一边大声喊叫求助。

2.It was no use pretending that I had not seen him…若再装做没看见他已是没有用了……

这句话中,it是先行主语,真正的主语是 pretending 引导的动名词短语。It is (of) no use doing…是个固定结构(其中的 of可省略),表示“做……也是徒劳的/无益的”:

It is (of) no use worrying about your family.

为你的家人担心是无益的。

3.No matter how busy you are…不管你多忙……

no matter可与疑问词 (how, who, when, where, what等)一起引导让步从句,表示“无论”:

No matter where you go, you can't forget your home.

无论你到哪里,都无法忘记自己的家。

No matter what I say, I seem to say the wrong thing.

无论我说什么,都似乎说得不当。

4.I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning. 我得想办法不让他整个上午缠着我。

think of在这里的含义是“想出”, way在这里表示“办法”, a way of后面的部分用于修饰 way。prevent表示“阻止/制止”时其常用结构为 prevent sb. from doing sth., from可以省略:

I can't prevent you from going if you want to.

你如果想去,我无法阻止。

5.You're not busy doing anything, are you? 你不忙,是吧

这是一个附加疑问句,又称反意疑问句,是由陈述句后面加简略疑问句构成。陈述句如果是肯定的,则附加疑问句通常用否定形式;陈述句如果是否定的,则附加的疑问句用肯定形式。陈述句中有助动词时,附加疑问句重复其中的助动词;如果没有,则用do的各种形式构成:

John was angry, wasn't he?

约翰生气了,不是吗?(肯定式+否定式)

He hasn't left, has he?

他没走,是吗?(否定式+肯定式)

I can see him, can't I?

我可以见他,不是吗?(情态助动词作助动词)

You like it, don't you?

你喜欢它,不是吗?(没有助动词时加do)

6.Would you mind my coming with you? 我跟你一道去行吗?

(1)Would/ Do you mind…? 是一个用来表示客气的请求或征求意见的结构,其中可以用if引导的从句或动名词结构。表示“同意/不介意”时,用“No, not at all”或“Certainly not”来回答;不同意时往往用一些委婉的说法,如“ I'm sorry, but…”等回答,不用“yes, I do”:

(2)如果动名词的动作执行者与句子的主语不一致时,它前面可以加所有格形容词或宾格代词,作为动名词的逻辑主语(cf. 本课语法):

I hope you won't mind my staying here.

我希望你不介意我呆在这儿。

语法 Grammar in use

动名词的一些用法

(1)在第20课的语法中,我们学习了动名词的基本形式和作用,在第44课的语法中,我们学习了动名词用于某些短语动词

(look forward to, be used to等)之后、一些表示喜好的动词(hate, love, prefer等)之后不定式与动名词的区别以及 need 和want之后动名词的用法等:

I like watching TV.

我喜欢看电视。(一般行为)

I'd like to watch TV.

我(现在)想看电视。(特定)

The strap needs mending.

这提包带需要修理。(动名词在这里有被动的含义)

(2)有些动词后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式。这些动词包括 avoid, admit, deny, fancy, finish, enjoy, mind(在乎,在意),suggest, stand(容忍)等:

I tried to avoid meeting him.

我试图避开他。

I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes.

我就怕遇到奈杰尔·戴克斯。

I haven't finished speaking yet.

我还没有说完。


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