Lesson 8
A famous monastery
著名的修道院
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★monastery
n. 寺院，修道院
abbot: 修道院院长
convent nun: 修女
abbess: 女修道院院长

★St. Bernard
圣伯纳德

★pass
n. 关隘

★watchdog
n. 看门狗

★rashly
adj. 莽撞地，冒失地
boldly

★enclosure
n. 围场，圈地

★monk
n. 和尚

★privacy
n. 清静，隐居

★skier
n. 滑雪者
ski
go skiing

★Easter
n. 复活节
at Easter
at Christmas
at Thanksgiving

Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What are the St. Bernard dogs used for?

The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy. At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe. The famous monastery of St. Bernard, witch was founded in eleventh century, lies about a mile away. For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watchdogs even in Roman times. Now that a tunnel ahs been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty. Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.
During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars. As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure. In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different. The temperature drops to -- 30 o and very few people attempt to cross the Pass. The monks prefer winter to summer of they have more privacy. The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter. These young people, who love the peace of mountains, always receive a warm welcome at St. Bernard's monastery.

参考译文

圣伯纳德大山口连接着瑞士与意大利，海拔2,473O米，是欧洲最高的山口。11世纪建造的著名的圣伯纳德修道院位于离山口1英里远的地方。几百年来，圣伯纳德修道院驯养狗拯救了许多翻越这道山口的旅游者的生命。那些最先从亚洲引进的狗，待人友好，早在罗马时代就给人当看门狗了。如今由于山里开挖了隧道，翻越山口已不那么危险了。但每年还要派狗到雪山地里去帮助那些遇到困难的旅游者，尽管修通了隧道，但仍有一些人想冒险徒步跨越圣伯纳德山口。
夏天的几个月里，修道院十分忙碌，因为有成千上万的人驾车通过山口，顺道来修道院参观。由于来人太多，狗被关在专门的围栏里。然而到了冬天，修道院里的生活则是另一番景象。气温下降到零下30度，试图跨越山口的人寥寥无几。修道士们喜欢冬天，而不太喜欢夏天。因为在冬天，他们可以更多地过无人打扰的生活。狗也比较自由，被放出围栏，四处遛达。冬天常来修道院参观的只有一批批滑雪者。他们在圣诞节或复活节到那儿去。这些热爱高山清静环境的年轻人每年都受到圣伯纳德道院的热烈欢迎。

【课文讲解】

connects/join Switzerland to Italy link Switzerland with Italy
connect...with: 把...与某事联系在一起
I can't connect the picture with my friend Mary
Are you connected with the government?
be connected with: 与...有联系

At 2,473 metres: 介词短语修饰全句用于句首表示原因、条件或状态
In red,she looks much more beautiful.
At the age of 25,he is able.
At one point 65 metres,he is a little short.

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句最大的区别
非限制性定语从句只是对主句或主句中所出现的某个名词的补充说明和解释去掉对主句影响不大
限制性定语从句是主句当中不可缺少的一部分
Mr Smith was a famous person in American history.
Mr Smith who died on July 17th at 84,was a famous person in American history
There were very few passengers,who escaped without serious injury.
旅客很少，他们没有受到重伤都逃出来了。
There wer vey few passengers who excaped without serious injury.
没有受重伤而逃出来的旅客很少

The taxi drivers,who knew about the traffic jam,took another road.
所有司机都知道堵车的事，都走了别的路
The taxi drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another road,and others who didn't know about the traffic jam still took this heavy road.
得知堵车的司机走了别的路，不知道堵车事件的司机仍然走这条路

who引导的非限制性定语从句主要指人做主语
指代事物在非限制性定语从句当中只能使用which
He lent me a thousand dollars,which was exactly the sum I needed,
指代时间when、地点where
He was left on the desert island,where he stayed for as long as three weeks.

found: 建立　　set up eatablish

live-lives

which指代friendly dogs
The panda,which was brought from China,was used as a symbol of friendship
Now that: 既然　　用做时间连接词，后面通常跟完成式
Now that you have left university,you have to find a job.
用做原因连接词时，后面时态不限
Now that you won't help me,I must do the job myself.

whoever,whatever,whenever,wherever,whichever,however
== no matter who/what/when/where/which/how
You can telephone me whenever you like.
Whichever day you come,we'll be pleased to see you.
Wherever you go,I'll follow you.
However busy you are,you must spare some time to study English.

Despite: 介词---in spite of
rashly: 莽撞的　　　attempt to do something --try to do something
there + be
There are still a few students studying English in the classroom.
in cars--by car
<I>about:</I> 到处，周围
Don't litter waste paper about. look about go about run about
wander about
keep: 使某人或某物处于某种状态，经常和介词短语，形容词，分词（现在分词和过去分词）搭配使用，表示一种状态
Keep him out. Keep him in. Do keep the cat in the room
表示逻辑的主谓关系－－现在分词　　　I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
表示逻辑的动宾关系－－过去分词　The lamb was kept tight to a tree

quite the opposite.

prefer something to something
I prefer reading to doing nothing.
The boy prefers apples to bananas.
prefer to do than do something
He prefers to read than do nothing

The regular visitors to BeiJing

Mike,who loves chess very much,enter for the game.

【Special difficulties】

1...what...
2...When...
3...Who...

【Multiple choice questons】

1...C...
be best known for = be famous for,众所周知

2...C...
the main advantage.

3...D...
occupation: 事业，undisturbed: 不受打扰的

Structure
4...d...
名词作表语，at, 介词短语作状语

5...a...
形容词或副词和enough to do 搭配
b选项错在so rash as to,You are so kind as to help me.

6...a...
with的复合结构形式
A large car,with its headlights on and its horn blaring,roared down the arcade.
With so many people around me,I fell happy.

7...C..
让某人做某事：let sb do

8...C...
泛泛的概念采取一般现在时

Vocabulary

9...b...
强调两者之间

10...a...
whenever=if ever: 无论什么时候，只要情况是如此
Whenever(if ever) you pour oil on water,it floats.
in case主要是讨论预防措施
You should insure your house in case there is a fire.

11...d...
drive

12...c...
wander:闲逛，roam
graze: 吃草，drift: 漂流＝float,　wonder:　想知道，感到奇怪