Lesson 80 I must go to the … 我必须去

grocer's/groceries/cheese/eggs/butter/honey/jam/biscuit

to 的用法

1 介词，后跟名词或代词，动词的ing形式

2 动词不定式，后跟动词的原形

　1）动词 + to + 动词原形

  2）动词 + 人 + to + 动词原形

I want/ go to school

I want to go to school.

动词不定式是由动词构成的语法术语，结构是 to + 动词原形

some of them

一般情况下，介词和动词后跟宾语（即名词或代词）

I want an apple.

I want her.

I want to eat an apple./to eat an apple 做宾语

动词不定式在句子中除了谓语不能做外，可以做其它的各种成分。

I want her to eat an apple./ to eat an apple 做宾语补足语

P163

I must go to the grocer's to get some groceries.（目的状语）

greengrocer's/fruit/vegetables

pears/oranges/bananas/beans/peas/cabbages

butcher's/meat/lamb/beef/steak/mince/chicken

newsagent's/stationery/glue/envelopes/writing paper/newspapers/magazines

baker's/bread/cakes/chemist's/aspirins/Medicine

[词汇]

groceries n. 食品杂货

fruit n. 水果

stationery n. 文具

newsagent n. 报刊零售人

chemist n. 化学家

Exercise B

Have you got any cheese? (grocer's)

I need a lot of cheese. I haven't got much.

I must go to the grocer's to get some cheese.

Has he got any envelopes? (newsagent's)

He need a lot of envelopes. He hasn't got many.

He must go to the newsagent's to get some envelopes.

Lesson 79 Carol's shopping list

need

needn't 实义动词/情态动词

need 做实义动词时，可以加s/ed

needs/needed

need 做情态动词时，没有时态，人称，数格的变化，可以直接加否定形式。不能单独做谓语，后边加动词原形。

1 need + to + 动词原形 -> need 是实义动词

2 need + 动词原形 -> need 是情态动词

I want an apple.

The children need milk.

加 do/ don't 构成否定或疑问形式。

The children don't need milk.

Do the children need milk?

What do the children need?

What do you need?

What does the girl need?

What do we need?

We need a lot of things.

She needs a house.

She doesn't need a house.

Does she need a house?

What does she need?

1 在肯定句中，need不可以象 I can go Home.中的can的用法一样在肯定句中直接做情态动词，而是做实义动词。

I need to go Home.

在肯定句中，need后只跟动词不定式，不跟动词原形。

而在否定句和疑问句中，情况就不是这样了。

I needn't study. （need 情态动词）

I don't need to study. （need 实义动词）

Need you study? （need 情态动词）

Do you need to study? （need 实义动词）

hope 可以做名词或动词

Where there is life, there is hope.[留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。]

hope 做动词时，可用作：

1 hope to do sth.

2 hope that

I hope to study abroad next year.

I hope that I/you study abroad next year.

hopeful/hopeless

shopping list

关于英语学习的若干指导：

1 慎重选择口语班

2 认真学好语法

[词汇·略]

make a shopping list

hope to do

have 有

have got/has got

在1 过去时 2 重复的动作，在这两种情况下，have got/has got 不能代替have

I had a cold yesterday.

She always has a headache.

I have got a lot of friends.

haven't

I haven't got a lot of friends.

a lot of 后可以跟可数名词，也可以跟不可数名词

I have got a lot of money.

在否定句和疑问句中，a lot of 后如果跟可数名词，则a lot of 换成many; a lot of 后如果跟不可数名词，则a lot of 换成much.

I have many friends.（错误，一般不这样说）

many/much

Have you got many friends?

Have you got much money?

I haven't got much money either.

[课文]

What are you doing, Carol?

I'm making a shopping list, Tom.

What do we need?

We need a lot of thing this week.

I must go to the grocer's.

We haven't got much tea or Coffee, and we haven't got any sugar or jam.

What about vegetables?

I must go to the greengrocer's.

We haven't got many tomatoes, but we've got a lot of potatoes.

I must go to the butcher's, too.

We need some meat.

We haven't got any meat at all.. ->not at all

Have we got any beer and wine?

And I'm not going to get any!

I hope that you've got some money.

I haven't got much.

Well, I haven't got much either!

Carol is making a shopping list.

What do we need?

We need a lot of things this week.

What does Carol need?

I must go to the grocer's.

We haven't got much tea or Coffee, and we haven't got any sugar or jam.

I must go to the greengrocer's.

We haven't got many potatoes, but we've got a lot of tomatoes.

I've/ we've/ they've/ she's/ he's

I must go to the butcher's.

We need some meat.

We haven't got any meat at all.

I hope that you've got some money.

I haven't got much.

I haven't got much either!