v 动作的过去时态

go -> went

I went there yesterday.

did, didn't

I didn't go there yesterday.

Did you go there yesterday? Yes, I did. No, I didn't.

What do you do every day?

What do they do every day?

What does she do every day?

What did you do yesterday?

动作的过去式变化

规则变化

ask, jump, wait

1 一般的动词后面直接加-ed

  清辅音后面加ed，读[t]

  浊辅音或元音后面加ed，读[d]

  asked [B:skt]

  jumped [dVQmpt]

  cleaned [kli:nd]

  lied [laid]

  waited [5weitid]

2 单词末尾是e的直接加d

  believe, argue, waste

  believed, argued, wasted

3 单词是以短元音加一个辅音结尾，这个辅音要双写加ed

C, e, a, i

chat, stop, beg, fit

chatted

stopped

begged

fitted

4 如果是辅音字母加y结尾的单词，要把y变i加ed

study, empty, cry

studied

emptied

cried

play -> played

enjoy -> enjoyed

empty -> empties -> emptied -> emptying

I empty the basket every morning.

My mother empties the basket every morning.

My father emptied the basket yesterday morning.

They are emptying the basked.

I am going to empty the basket.

I didn't empty the basket yesterday.

Did you empty the basket yesterday?

What did you do yesterday?

What did she do yesterday?

What did your mother do yesterday?

[词汇·略]

keep -> kept

How are you all keeping?

keep up with sb. 赶上某人

keep on doing sth. 继续保持做某事

keep sb./sth. under one's hat = keep secret 保守秘密

study

study hard

want to do sth.

I am studying hard.

I want to keep up with you.

try 尝试

keep on trying

cost [物做主语，表示物的售价]

pay [人做主语，人为某物付钱]

afford 支付得起，腾出时间

take [花时间]

expend [数额较大，比较正式的用法]

It cost me …

pay for

I can't afford it.

I can afford one day for you.

spend

spend three days

holiday 假期

Spend my holiday

in the country

I am going to spend three days in the country.

spend the weekend

They are going to spend their weekend in Hong Kong.

spend … on

spend (in) doing sth.

I spend some time reading the book.

Women always spend a lot of money on clothes.

I have spent a lot of money on my child.

I spent ten minutes in listening to Mr.Zhang's explanation.

spend some time on sth.

spend some time in doing sth.