[07:28.05]一些经过层层挑选的人们开始就像乘坐扶手电梯一样,
[07:31.13]carries them to the tops of British privilege and power.
[07:33.67]几年后,就被送到英国特权和权力的顶层.
[07:36.20]His research revealed that the top professions all continue to be dominated
[07:39.17]他的研究提示英国上层职业继续被牛津,剑桥的毕业生控制,
[07:42.13]if not 90 percent,then 60 or 65 per cent, by Oxbridge graduates.
[07:45.75]即使到不了90%,也有60%或65%.
[07:49.37]And yet,says Ellis,Oxbridge graduates make up only two percent
[07:55.53]of the total number of students who graduate from Britain's universities
[07:58.46]埃利斯还说,牛津,剑桥的毕业生只占英国高校毕业生总人数的2%.
[08:01.38]Other researches also seem to support his belief
[08:03.92]其他研究似乎也支持他的观点,
[08:06.45]that Oxbridge graduates start with an unfair advantage in the employment market.
[08:09.63]认为牛津,合格的毕业生一开始就在就业市场上具有不公平的优势.
[08:12.80]In the law,a recenfiy published report showed that out of 26 senior judges
[08:19.64]appointed to the High Court last year
[08:21.52]在法律方面,最近发布的报告显示去年26位被任命到高等法庭的高级法官中,
[08:23.41]all of them went to private schools and 21 of them went to Oxbridge.
[08:26.37]所有人都上过私立学校,其中21人上的最牛津,剑桥.
[08:29.34]But can this be said to amount to a conspiracy?
[08:31.52]但是任这些就能说是构成一个阴谋帮派吗?
[08:33.70]Not according to Dr.John Rte,
[08:37.54]a former headmaster of one of Britain's leading private schools,Westminster:
[08:40.78]按照英国一家主要私立学校威斯敏斯特的前校长约翰.雷博士说法,并非如此.
[08:44.02]I would accept that there was a bias in some key areas of British life,
[08:46.80]"我愿意承认在英国生活的一些关键领域存在着偏见,
[08:49.58]but that bias has now gone.
[08:51.41]但现在这些偏见已经一去不复返了.
[08:53.24]Some time ago--in the 60s and before
[08:55.67]一段时间前---即在60年代及其以前
[08:58.10]entry to Oxford and Cambridge was not entirely on merit.
[09:00.62]---进入牛津,合格并不是全部靠成绩的.
[09:03.14]Now,there's absolutely no question in any objective observer's mind
[09:06.32]现在,在任何客观的观察家心目中已经勿庸质疑,
[09:09.51]that entry to Oxford and Cambridge is fiercely competitive."
[09:12.14]进入牛津,剑桥是残酷的竞争."
[09:14.76]However,many would disagree with this.
[09:16.88]然而,许多人不同意这个观点.
[09:18.99]For,although over three-quarters of British pupils are educated in state school,
[09:22.31]因为尽管超过3/4的英国学生毕业于公立学校,
[09:25.63]over half the students that go to Oxbridge
[09:27.65]进入牛津和剑桥的超过半数的学生
[09:29.68]have been to private,or "public"schools.
[09:32.11]曾上过私立学校,即"公学".
[09:34.54]Is this because pupils from Britain's private schools
[09:39.11]are more intelligent than those from state schools,
[09:41.24]这是因为英国私立学校的学生比公立学校的学生聪明呢?
[09:43.37]or are they simply better prepared?
[09:45.20]或者仅仅因为他们受的教育好呢?
[09:47.02]On average,about 5,000 a year is spent on each private school pupil
[09:50.71]私立学校平均每年花在一个学生身上的钱是5000英镑,
[09:54.39]more than twice the amount spent on state school pupils.
[09:56.87]是花在公立学校学生身上的两倍多.
[09:59.35]So how can the state schools be expected to compete with the private schools
[10:05.00]when they have far fewer resources?
[10:06.88]这样在财力少得多的情况下,公立学校怎么能与么立学校竞争呢?
[10:08.76]And how can they prepare their pupils for the special entrance exam to Oxford University,
[10:11.84]他们怎么帮学生准备进入牛津大学的专门入学考试呢?
[10:14.92]which requires extra preparation, and for which many public school pupils
[10:18.04]这些考试要求特别地准备,为此许多公学的学生
[10:21.17]traditionally stay at school and do an additional term?
[10:23.65]传统上住在学校,要用额外的学习时间.
[10:26.13]Until recently,many blamed Oxford for this bias
[10:31.41]because of the university's special entrance exam
[10:33.78]直到最近,许多人因为牛津大学专门的入学考试而谴责这一偏见
[10:36.16](Cambridge abolished its entrance exam in 1986).
[10:38.73](剑桥在1986年取消了它的入学考试).
[10:41.31]But last February,Oxford University decided to abolish the exam
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