[00:00.00]Unit 16 text A
[00:04.41]Heart Disease: Treat or Prevent ?
[00:07.04]心脏病：治疗还是预防？
[00:09.67]One of the greatest killers in the Western world is heart disease.
[00:13.10]西方世界的最大杀手之一就是心脏病。
[00:16.54]The death rate from the disease
[00:18.86]因心脏病造成的死亡率
[00:21.19]has been increasingat an alarming speed for the past thirty years.
[00:25.01]在过去30年中一直以惊人的速度增加。
[00:28.84]Today in Britain, for example,
[00:31.06]例如现在英国
[00:33.28]about four hundred peoplea day die of heart disease.
[00:36.47]每天大约有400人死于心脏病。
[00:39.65]Western health-care systems are spending
[00:42.14]西方的卫生保健系统每年都耗费
[00:44.62]huge sums of moneyon the surgical treatment of the disease.
[00:48.25]大量的金钱于该病的外科治疗。
[00:51.88]This emphasis on treatment
[00:54.26]这种对治疗的强调
[00:56.63]is dearly associated with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten to fifteen years.
[01:02.16]显然是与过去10-15年中出现的技术进步联系在一起的。
[01:07.68]In this time,
[01:09.60]在这段时间里，
[01:11.52]modem technology has enabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques and procedures.
[01:16.24]现代技术已能使医生研究出新的外科治疗技术和方法。
[01:20.95]Many operations that were considered impossible a few years ago
[01:24.28]几年前被认为是不可能实施的很多手术
[01:27.61]are now performed every day in U.S.hospitals.
[01:30.64]现在美国的医院里每天都做。
[01:33.68]The result has been a rapid in heart surgery.
[01:37.06]其结果是心脏手术数量的迅速增加。
[01:40.44]Although there is no doubt that a large number of people benefit from heart surgery,
[01:44.41]虽然很多人无疑受益于心脏外科手术，
[01:48.38]critics of our health-care systems point out that
[01:51.65]批评我们卫生保健系统的人指出，
[01:54.91] the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the diseasehas three clear disadvantages.
[01:59.69]强调对心脏病进行外科手术有三个明显的不利之处。
[02:04.47]First,it attracts interest and financial resources away from the question of prevention.
[02:10.36]第一，它把我们的兴趣和财力引离预防。
[02:16.25]Second,it causes the costs of general hospital care to rise.
[02:20.67]第二，它使得医院总的医护费用增加。
[02:25.08]After hospitals buy the expensivc equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery,
[02:29.17]医院购买了进行现代化的外科手术所必需的昂贵设备之后，
[02:33.26]they must try to recover the money they have spent.
[02:36.13]必须设法收回它花掉的钱。
[02:39.01]To do this, they raise costs for all their patients,
[02:42.64]要做到这一点，医院提高了所有病人的费用，
[02:46.27]not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment.
[02:49.55]而不仅是那些需要用这些设备治疗的病人。
[02:52.83]The third disadvantage is that doctors are encouraged to perform surgery
[02:57.01]第三个不利之处是鼓励医生做外科手术，
[03:01.19]even on patients for whom an operation is not at all necessary
[03:05.27]甚至对那些完全不需要手术的病人也是如此，
[03:09.36]because the equipment and surgical expertise is available.
[03:12.63]因为已经成为具备了设备和进行外科手术的知识和本领。
[03:15.89]A federal government office recently said that major heart surgery
[03:19.72]联邦政府的一个办公室最近声称，
[03:23.55]was often performed even though its chances of success were low.
[03:27.12]医院常常进行重大的心脏外科手术，即使这些手术的成功率很低。
[03:30.70]In One type of heart surgery,for example
[03:33.19]例如有一种心脏外科手术，
[03:35.67]only 15 percent of patients benefited from the surgery.
[03:39.39]只有百分之十五的病人从中受益。
[03:43.11]In the recent past, medical researchers have begun to emphasize the fact
[03:47.38]最近一段时间，医疗研究人员已经开始强调
[03:51.65]that heart disease is associated with stress,
[03:54.74]心脏病与紧张，
[03:57.82]smoking and a lack of exercise
[04:00.80]吸烟和缺乏体育锻炼有关，
[04:03.77]and we can often reduce the risk of heart disease by paying more attention to these factors.
[04:08.15]我们如更加注意这些因素常常就能减少得心脏病的危险。
[04:12.53]More and more people
[04:14.51]越来越多的人正认识到
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