[00:00.00]Unit 15 text A
[00:04.60]How TV Violence Affects Kids
[00:07.38]电视暴力怎样影响孩子
[00:10.16]For more than a quarter of a century, evidence has been increasing
[00:13.40]在四分之一的世纪还多一些的时间里,愈来愈多的证据表明,
[00:16.64]that children's exposureto violence on television
[00:19.51]孩子们看电视里的暴力场面
[00:22.39]has long-lasting effects on their behavior.
[00:25.47]对他们的行为有着持久的影响.
[00:28.55]Between 1982 and 1986, the amount of television time allocated each week
[00:33.42]在1982年到1986年期间,每周电视节目中
[00:38.30]to violent programs increased significantly.
[00:41.68]暴力节目的时间有很大的增长.
[00:45.06]And the number of violent acts on television in the past years
[00:48.78]在过去几年中,电视中的暴力行为的数量
[00:52.51]has increased from about 19 to 27 per hour.
[00:56.89]从每小时大约19个增加到27个.
[01:01.28]Given the amount of time that children watch television,
[01:04.21]假定孩子们有这么多的时间看电视,
[01:07.13]it has become one of the most powerful models they want to follow.
[01:11.31]那么暴力便成为他们想要模仿的最有影响力的榜样之一.
[01:15.49]The Position Statement on Media Violence in Children's Lives,
[01:19.07]全美国儿童教育协会最近就传媒暴力影响儿童生活问题
[01:22.65]recently adopted by the National Associationfor the Education of Young Children,
[01:26.43]发表立场声明,声明还指出学龄前儿童
[01:30.20]points out that preschool children are particularly easily affected by the median
[01:35.27]特别容易受传媒的影响,
[01:40.34]because they are not yet fully able to distinguish fantasy from reality
[01:44.76]因为这时的儿童还没有充分能力区分幻想与现实,
[01:49.19]and their understanding of the underlying motives for behavior
[01:52.57]不能很好地理解某些行为内在的动机
[01:55.96]and the subtleties of moral conflicts is not yet well developed.
[02:00.19]以及道貌岸然德冲突的微妙性.
[02:04.42]For example, the rapid recoveries of people on TV from violent attacks
[02:08.95]例如,在电视里,人们受暴力袭击后迅速恢复健康,
[02:13.49]give children an unrealistic picture of the injuries that have been suffered
[02:17.52]就能使孩子对人体所受伤害产生了不现实的想法
[02:21.56]Effects on Play
[02:23.28]对孩子游戏的影响
[02:25.01]Children naturally often want the toys shown on and advertised during these programs.
[02:29.19]孩子们常常很自然地想到电视节目里展现的或者做了广告的那些玩具.
[02:33.36]And with these toys, their play tends to be more imitative than imaginative.
[02:37.34]有了这些玩具后,他们游戏时更倾向于模仿,而不是按自己的想像进行.
[02:41.31]Children simply imitate the behavior observed during the program,
[02:44.69]儿童单纯地模仿电视节目中看到的行为,
[02:48.07]thus undermining both the imaginative and the expressive functions of play
[02:52.45]这样会与暴力有关的玩具范围狭小,
[02:56.82]The narrow range of most violence-related toys advertised on television
[03:01.60]这会危及游戏在帮助儿童
[03:06.38]jeopardizes the role of play in helping children
[03:09.91]更好地理解自己的感情
[03:13.44]make better sense of their own feelings and interpret their world.
[03:17.30]与解释周围世界中的作用.
[03:21.17]Some research even suggests that children apply the behaviors observed on TV programs
[03:26.34]有的研究甚至认为,儿童会把电视节目中
[03:31.51]to their real-life situations.
[03:33.79]看到的行为搬到现实生活中去.
[03:36.06]Parents Can Help
[03:37.84]父母能起的作用
[03:39.61]It is a good idea for parents to monitor the amountas well as the kind of television their preschool child watches.
[03:45.04]父母监管学龄前儿童所看电视的数量和种类,这是一个分主意.
[03:50.48]If your child appears to be crazy about war play and weapons,
[03:54.25]如果孩子似乎对打仗游戏和武器着迷时,
[03:58.03]it would be a good idea to control his viewing.
[04:00.86]最好要控制他观看电视.
[04:03.70]Controlling viewing is easier to do during the preschool yearsthan during the school years,
[04:07.38]控制学龄前儿童比控制上学后的儿童要容易.
[04:11.06]so you should initiate a pattern of restricted television watching now.
[04:14.79]因此从现在起应当制定一套限制看电视的办法.
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