[05:58.13]Listen carefully and put tick ( ) before the goods that have once been used as money systems, and what are regarded as advantages of metals.
[06:08.21]Money is used for buying or selling goods, for measuring value and for storing wealth.
[06:16.20]Almost every society now has a money economy based on coins and paper notes of one kind or another.
[06:24.59]However, this has not always been true. In primitive societies a system of barter was used.
[06:32.76]Barter was a system of direct exchange of goods. Somebody could exchange a sheep, for example,
[06:41.22]for anything in the marketplace that they considered to be of equal value. Barter, however,
[06:49.10]was a very unsatisfactory system because people's precise needs seldom coincided.
[06:56.05]People needed a more practical system of exchange, and various money systems developed based on goods which the members of a society recognized as having value.
[07:08.51]Cattle, grain, teeth, shells, feathers, skulls, salt, elephant tusks, and tobacco were all used.
[07:18.44]Precious metals gradually took over because, when made into coins, they were portable, durable, recognizable and divisible into larger and smaller units of value.   (157 words)
[07:33.10]Exercise 2:Directions:Listen to the passage again and finish the following sentences.
[07:41.63]Exercise 3:Directions:Listen to the passage for the third time and find expressions from the passage that have the same meanings as the following.
[07:54.62]Practice Four Hayseed and Taxi Driver
[07:59.81]Words You Need to Know
[08:01.61]hayseed     vanish     minimum
[08:13.78]route     accuse    the Continental Hotel
[08:27.28]Exercise 1:Directions:Listen to the tape and write down the sentences you hear.
[08:36.17]1) The taxi finally arrives at the entrance to the hotel.
[08:41.96]2)I just won't be cheated.
[08:46.10]3)The taxi driver hasn't had a single passenger all day.
[08:51.90]5)I think I should call the police.
[08:56.26]5)He quickly parks the taxi and opens the door.
[09:01.69]Exercise 2 Directions:Listen to the passage and put the sintences in Exercise 1 in the order according to the tape.
[09:13.64](The following is a part of a short radio drama.)
[09:18.18]Narrator:It's a dark, cold, rainy night. The taxi driver hasn't had a single passenger all day.
[09:25.67]When he goes by the entrance of the main railway station, he sees a young man from the country coming out,
[09:31.68]carrying two suitcases. "Aha!" thinks the taxi driver, "here's an opportunity to make up for the rest of this bad day."
[09:40.21]He quickly parks the taxi and opens the door.
[09:45.97]Driver:Where do you want to go, sir?
[09:47.92]Hayseed:To the Continental Hotel.
[09:50.72]Narrator:When the taxi driver hears that, his hopes of a profitable trip vanish.
[09:55.37]The Continental Hotel is barely two blocks away.
[09:59.44]The most the hayseed will give him is 1 dollar, which is the minimum fare. Only 1 dollar.
[10:06.06]What bad luck! Then the idea of taking his passenger by a longer route occurs to him-a route that goes all around the city and then back to the Continental Hotel.
[10:17.65]This he does, and after a long time the taxi finally arrives at the entrance to the hotel.
[10:28.38]Driver:You owe me thirty dollars, sir.
[10:30.83]Hayseed:What? Thirty dollars? Do you take me for a fool? You're trying to cheat me.
[10:37.16]Driver:How dare you accuse me...
[10:39.14]Hayseed:You must think I don't know my way around.
[10:42.46]Driver:But...
[10:43.50]Hayseed:Only last week I took a taxi from the station to this hotel. I know how much the trip should cost!
[10:51.42]Driver:Oh... oh... all right. Now... now look... uh...
[10:56.06]Hayseed:I think I should call the police.
[10:58.87]Driver:Oh, no! Please don't do that! I have a sick wife and four hungry children.
[11:04.67]Hayseed:All right! This time I'll let it go.
[11:07.94]Driver:Oh, thank you, sir. And you're right. The trip isn't worth thirty dollars...
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