Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write an essay on the
importance ofbuilding trust between teachers and students. You can cite exa
mples to illustrate yourviews. You should write at least 150 words but no mo
re than 200 words.
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Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear two longconversations. At the end of
each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both theconversation and
the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, youmust ch
oose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then m
ark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the
centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A) She advocates animal protection.
B) She sells a special kind of coffee.
C) She is going to start a caféchain.
D) She is the owner of a special café.
2. A) They bear a lot of similarities.
B) They are a profitable business sector.
C) They cater to different customers.
D) They help take care of customers' pets.
3. A) By giving them regular cleaning and injections.
B) By selecting breeds that are tame and peaceful.
C) By placing them at a safe distance from customers.
D) By briefing customers on how to get along with them.
4. A) They want to learn about rabbits.
B) They like to bring in their children.
C) They love the animals in her café.
D) They give her caféfavorite reviews.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. A) It contains too many additives.
B) It lacks the essential vitamins.
C) It can cause obesity.
D) It is mostly garbage.
6. A) Its fancy design.
B) TV commercials.
C) Its taste and texture.
D) Peer influence.
7. A) Investing heavily in the production of sweet foods.
B) Marketing their products with ordinary ingredients.
C) Trying to trick children into buying their products.
D) Offering children more varieties to choose from.
8. A) They hardly ate vegetables.
B) They seldom had junk food.
C) They favored chocolate-coated sweets.
D) They liked the food advertised on TV.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each pas
sage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the question
s will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the be
st answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the corr
esponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A) Stretches of farmland.
B) Typical Egyptian animal farms.
C) Tombs of ancient rulers.
D) Ruins left by devastating floods.
10. A) It provides habitats for more primitive tribes.
B) It is hardly associated with great civilizations.
C) It has not yet been fully explored and exploited.
D) It gathers water from many tropical rain forests.
11. A) It carries about one fifth of the world's fresh water.
B) It has numerous human settlements along its banks.
C) It is second only to the Mississippi River in width.
D) It is as long as the Nile and the Yangtze combined.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. A) Living a life in the fast lane leads to success.
B) We are always in a rush to do various things.
C) The search for tranquility has become a trend.
D) All of us actually yearn for a slow and calm life.
13. A) She had trouble balancing family and work.
B) She enjoyed the various social events.
C) She was accustomed to tight schedules.
D) She spent all her leisure time writing books.
14. A) The possibility of ruining her family.
B) Becoming aware of her declining health.
C) The fatigue from living a fast-paced life.
D) Reading a book about slowing down.
15. A) She started to follow the cultural norms.
B) She came to enjoy doing everyday tasks.
C) She learned to use more polite expressions.
D) She stopped using to-do lists and calendars.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks f
ollowed bythree or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. Af
ter you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choic
es marked A), B), C) and D). Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer S
heet 1 with a single line through centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. A) They will root out native species altogether.
B) They contribute to a region's biodiversity.
C) They pose a threat to the local ecosystem.
D) They will crossbreed with native species.
17. A) Their classifications are meaningful.
B) Their interactions are hard to define.
C) Their definitions are changeable.
D) Their distinctions are artificial.
18. A) Only a few of them cause problems to native species.
B) They may turn out to benefit the local environment.
C) Few of them can survive in their new habitats.
D) Only 10 percent of them can be naturalized.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. A) Respect their traditional culture.
B) Attend their business seminars.
C) Research their specific demands.
D) Adopt the right business strategies.
20. A) Showing them your palm.
B) Giving them gifts of great value.
C) Drinking alcohol on certain days of a month.
D) Clicking your fingers loudly in their presence.
21. A) They are very easy to satisfy.
B) They have a strong sense of worth.
C) They tend to be friendly and enthusiastic.
D) They have a break from 2:00 to 5:30 p.m.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
22. A) He completely changed the company's culture.
B) He collected paintings by world-famous artists.
C) He took over the sales department of Reader's Digest.
D) He had the company's boardroom extensively renovated.
23. A) It should be sold at a reasonable price.
B) Its articles should be short and inspiring.
C) It should be published in the world's leading languages.
D) Its articles should entertain blue- and pink-collar workers.
24. A) He knew how to make the magazine profitable.
B) He served as a church minister for many years.
C) He suffered many setbacks and misfortunes in his life.
D) He treated the employees like members of his family.
25. A) It carried many more advertisements.
B) George Grune joined it as an ad salesman.
C) Several hundred of its employees got fired.
D) Its subscriptions increased considerably.
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required
to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank
following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your
choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the
corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through
the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Did Sarah Josepha Hale write "Mary's Little Lamb," the eternal nursery rhyme
(儿歌) about a girl named Mary with a stubborn lamb? This is still disputed, but
it's clear that the woman 26for writing it was one of America's most
fascinating 27 . In honor of the poem's publication on May 24, 1830, here's
more about the 28 author's life.
Hale wasn't just a writer, she was also a 29 social advocate, and she was
particularly 30 with an ideal New England, which she associated with abundant
Thanksgiving meals that she claimed had "a deep moral influence." She began
a nationwide 31 to have a national holiday declared that would bring families
together while celebrating the 32 festivals. In 1863, after 17 years of advocacy
including letters to five presidents, Hale got it. President Abraham Lincoln,
during the Civil War, issued a 33 setting aside the last Thursday in November
for the holiday.
The true authorship of "Mary's Little Lamb" is disputed. According to the New
England Historical Society, Hale wrote only part of the poem, but claimed
authorship. Regardless of the author, it seems that the poem was 34 by a real
event. When young Mary Sawyer was followed to school by a lamb in 1816, it
caused some problems. A bystander named John Roulstone wrote a poem about
the event, then, at some point, Hale herself seems to have helped write it.
However, if a 1916 piece by her great-niece is to be trusted, Hale claimed for
the 35 of her life that "some other people pretended that someone else wrote
the poem".
A) campaign B) career C) characters D) features E) fierce F) inspired G) latter H)
obsessed I) proclamation J) rectified K) reputed L) rest M) supposed N)
traditional O) versatile
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten
statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of
the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.
You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a
letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2.
Grow Plants Without Water
A) Ever since humanity began to farm our own food, we’ve faced the
unpredictable rain that is both friend and enemy. It comes and goes without
much warning, and a field of lush (茂盛的) leafy greens one year can dry up and
blow away the next. Food security and fortunes depend on sufficient rain, and
nowhere more so than in Africa, where 96% of farmland depends on rain
instead of the irrigation common in more developed places. It has consequences:
South Africa's ongoing drought—the worst in three decades—will cost at least a
quarter of its corn crop this year.
B) Biologist Jill Farrant of the University of Cape Town in South Africa says that
nature has plenty of answers for people who want to grow crops in places with
unpredictable rainfall. She is hard at work finding a way to take traits from rare
wild plants that adapt to extreme dry weather and use them in food crops. As
the earth's climate changes and rainfall becomes even less predictable in some
places, those answers will grow even more valuable. "The type of farming I'm
aiming for is literally so that people can survive as it's going to get more and
more dry," Farrant says.
C) Extreme conditions produce extremely tough plants. In the rusty red deserts
of South Africa, steep-sided rocky hills called inselbergs rear up from the plains
like the bones of the earth. The hills are remnants of an earlier geological era,
scraped bare of most soil and exposed to the elements. Yet on these and similar
formations in deserts around the world, a few fierce plants have adapted to
endure under ever-changing conditions.
D) Farrant calls them resurrection plants (复苏植物). During months without
water under a harsh sun, they wither, shrink and contract until they look like a
pile of dead gray leaves. But rainfall can revive them in a matter of hours. Her
time-lapse (间歇性拍摄的) videos of the revivals look like someone playing a tape
of the plant's death in reverse.
E) The big difference between "drought-tolerant" plants and these tough plants:
metabolism. Many different kinds of plants have developed tactics to weather
dry spells. Some plants store reserves of water to see them through a drought;
others send roots deep down to subsurface water supplies. But once these
plants use up their stored reserve or tap out the underground supply, they
cease growing and start to die. They may be able to handle a drought of some
length, and many people use the term "drought tolerant" to describe such
plants, but they never actually stop needing to consume water, so Farrant
prefers to call them drought resistant.
F) Resurrection plants, defined as those capable of recovering from holding less
than 0.1 grams of water per gram of dry mass, are different. They lack
water-storing structures, and their existence on rock faces prevents them from
tapping groundwater, so they have instead developed the ability to change their
metabolism. When they detect an extended dry period, they divert their
metabolisms, producing sugars and certain stress-associated proteins and
other materials in their tissues. As the plant dries, these resources take on first
the properties of honey, then rubber, and finally enter a glass-like state that is
"the most stable state that the plant can maintain," Farrant says. That slows the
plant's metabolism and protects its dried-out tissues. The plants also change
shape, shrinking to minimize the surface area through which their remaining
water might evaporate. They can recover from months and years without water,
depending on the species.
G) What else can do this dry-out-and-revive trick? Seeds—almost all of them. At
the start of her career, Farrant studied "recalcitrant seeds (顽拗性种子)," such as
avocados, coffee and lychee. While tasty, such seeds are delicate—they cannot
bud and grow if they dry out (as you may know if you've ever tried to grow a
tree from an avocado pit). In the seed world, that makes them rare, because
most seeds from flowering plants are quite robust. Most seeds can wait out the
dry, unwelcoming seasons until conditions are right and they sprout (发芽). Yet
once they start growing, such plants seem not to retain the ability to hit the
pause button on metabolism in their stems or leaves.
H) After completing her Ph. D. on seeds, Farrant began investigating whether it
might be possible to isolate the properties that make most seeds so resilient (迅
速恢复活力的) and transfer them to other plant tissues. What Farrant and others
have found over the past two decades is that there are many genes involved in
resurrection plants' response to dryness. Many of them are the same that
regulate how seeds become dryness-tolerant while still attached to their parent
plants. Now they are trying to figure out what molecular signaling processes
activate those seed-building genes in resurrection plants—and how to
reproduce them in crops. "Most genes are regulated by a master set of genes,"
Farrant says. "We're looking at gene promoters and what would be their master
switch."
I) Once Farrant and her colleagues feel they have a better sense of which
switches to throw, they will have to find the best way to do so in useful crops.
"I'm trying three methods of breeding," Farrant says: conventional, genetic
modification and gene editing. She says she is aware that plenty of people do
not want to eat genetically modified crops, but she is pushing ahead with every
available tool until one works. Farmers and consumers alike can choose whether
or not to use whichever version prevails： "I'm giving people an option."
J) Farrant and others in the resurrection business got together last year to
discuss the best species of resurrection plant to use as a lab model. Just like
medical researchers use rats to test ideas for human medical treatments,
botanists use plants that are relatively easy to grow in a lab or greenhouse
setting to test their ideas for related species. The Queensland rock violet is one
of the best studied resurrection plants so far, with a draft genome (基因图谱)
published last year by a Chinese team. Also last year, Farrant and colleagues
published a detailed molecular study of another candidate, Xerophyta viscosa, a
tough-as-nail South African plant with lily-like flowers, and she says that a
genome is on the way. One or both of these models will help researchers test
their ideas—so far mostly done in the lab—on test plots.
K) Understanding the basic science first is key. There are good reasons why crop
plants do not use dryness defenses already. For instance, there's a high energy
cost in switching from a regular metabolism to an almost-no-water metabolism.
It will also be necessary to understand what sort of yield farmers might expect
and to establish the plant's safety. "The yield is never going to be high," Farrant
says, so these plants will be targeted not at Iowa farmers trying to squeeze
more cash out of high-yield fields, but subsistence farmers who need help to
survive a drought like the present one in South Africa. "My vision is for the
subsistence farmer," Farrant says. "I'm targeting crops that are of African
value."
36. There are a couple of plants tough and adaptable enough to survive on bare
rocky hills and in deserts.
37. Farrant is trying to isolate genes in resurrection plants and reproduce them
in crops.
38. Farmers in South Africa are more at the mercy of nature, especially
inconsistent rainfall.
39. Resurrection crops are most likely to be the choice of subsistence farmers.
40. Even though many plants have developed various tactics to cope with dry
weather, they cannot survive a prolonged drought.
41. Despite consumer resistance, researchers are pushing ahead with genetic
modification of crops.
42. Most seeds can pull through dry spells and begin growing when conditions
are ripe, but once this process starts, it cannot be held back.
43. Farrant is working hard to cultivate food crops that can survive extreme
dryness by studying the traits of rare wild plants.
44. By adjusting their metabolism, resurrection plants can recover from an
extended period of drought.
45. Resurrection plants can come back to life in a short time after a rainfall.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by
some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four
choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and
mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Human memory is notoriously unreliable. Even people with the sharpest
facial-recognition skills can only remember so much.
It's tough to quantify how good a person is at remembering. No one really
knows how many different faces someone can recall, for example, but various
estimates tend to hover in the thousands—based on the number of
acquaintances a person might have.
Machines aren't limited this way. Give the right computer a massive database of
faces, and it can process what it sees—then recognize a face it's told to
find—with remarkable speed and precision. This skill is what supports the
enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the 21st century. It's also
what makes contemporary surveillance systems so scary.
The thing is, machines still have limitations when it comes to facial recognition.
And scientists are only just beginning to understand what those constraints are.
To begin to figure out how computers are struggling, researchers at the
University of Washington created a massive database of faces—they call it
MegaFace—and tested a variety of facial-recognition algorithms (算法) as they
scaled up in complexity. The idea was to test the machines on a database that
included up to 1 million different images of nearly 700,000 different
people—and not just a large database featuring a relatively small number of
different faces, more consistent with what's been used in other research.
As the databases grew, machine accuracy dipped across the board. Algorithms
that were right 95% of the time when they were dealing with a 13,000-image
database, for example, were accurate about 70% of the time when confronted
with 1 million images. That's still pretty good, says one of the researchers, Ira
Kemelmacher-Shlizerman. "Much better than we expected," she said.
Machines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alike—either
doppelgangers (长相极相似的人), whom the machine would have trouble
identifying as two separate people, or the same person who appeared in
different photos at different ages or in different lighting, whom the machine
would incorrectly view as separate people.
"Once we scale up, algorithms must be sensitive to tiny changes in identities
and at the same time invariant to lighting, pose, age,"
Kemelmacher-Shlizerman said.
The trouble is, for many of the researchers who'd like to design systems to
address these challenges, massive datasets for experimentation just don't
exist—at least, not in formats that are accessible to academic researchers.
Training sets like the ones Google and Facebook have are private. There are no
public databases that contain millions of faces. MegaFace's creators say it's the
largest publicly available facial-recognition dataset out there.
"An ultimate face recognition algorithm should perform with billions of people in
a dataset," the researchers wrote.
46. Compared with human memory, machines can ________.
A) identify human faces more efficiently
B) tell a friend from a mere acquaintance
C) store an unlimited number of human faces
D) perceive images invisible to the human eye
47. Why did researchers create MegaFace?
A) To enlarge the volume of the facial-recognition database.
B) To increase the variety of facial-recognition software.
C) To understand computers' problems with facial recognition.
D) To reduce the complexity of facial-recognition algorithms.
48. What does the passage say about machine accuracy?
A) It falls short of researchers' expectations.
B) It improves with added computing power.
C) It varies greatly with different algorithms.
D) It decreases as the database size increases.
49. What is said to be a shortcoming-of facial-recognition machines?
A) They cannot easily tell apart people with near-identical appearances.
B) They have difficulty identifying changes in facial expressions.
C) They are not sensitive to minute changes in people's mood.
D) They have problems distinguishing people of the same age.
50. What is the difficulty confronting researchers of facial-recognition machines?
A) No computer is yet able to handle huge datasets of human faces.
B) There do not exist public databases with sufficient face samples.
C) There are no appropriate algorithms to process the face samples.
D) They have trouble converting face datasets into the right format.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
There're currently 21.5 million students in America, and many will be funding
their college on borrowed money. Given that there's now over $1.3 trillion in
student loans on the books, it's pretty clear that many students are far from
sensible. The average student's debt upon graduation now approaches $40,000,
and as college becomes ever more expensive, calls to make it "free" are
multiplying. Even Hillary Clinton says that when it comes to college, "Costs
won't be a barrier."
But the only way college could be free is if the faculty and staff donated their
time, the buildings required no maintenance, and campuses required no utilities.
As long as it's impossible to produce something from nothing, costs are
absolutely a barrier.
The actual question we debate is who should pay for people to go to college. If
taxpayers are to bear the cost of forgiving student loans, shouldn't they have a
say in how their money is used?
At least taxpayers should be able to decide what students will study on the
public dime. If we're going to force taxpayers to foot the bill for college degrees,
students should only study those subjects that're of greatest benefit to
taxpayers. After all, students making their own choices in this respect is what
caused the problem in the first place. We simply don't need more poetry, gender
studies, or sociology majors. How do we know which subjects benefit society?
Easy.
Average starting salaries give a clear indication of what type of training society
needs its new workers to have. Certainly, there're benefits to a college major
beyond the job a student can perform. But if we're talking about the benefits to
society, the only thing that matters is what the major enables the student to
produce for society. And the value of what the student can produce is reflected
in the wage employers are willing to pay the student to produce it.
A low wage for elementary school teachers, however, doesn't mean elementary
education isn't important. It simply means there're too many elementary school
teachers already.
Meanwhile, there're few who're willing and able to perform jobs requiring a
petroleum engineering major, so the value of one more of those people is very
high.
So we can have taxpayers pick up students' tuition in exchange for dictating
what those students will study. Or we can allow students both to choose their
majors and pay for their education themselves. But in the end, one of two things
is true:
Either a college major is worth its cost or it isn't. If yes, taxpayer financing isn't
needed. If not, taxpayer financing isn't desirable. Either way, taxpayers have no
business paying for students' college education.
51. What does the author think of college students funding their education
through loans?
A) They only expect to get huge returns.
B) They are acting in an irrational way.
C) They benefit at taxpayers' expense.
D) They will regret doing so someday.
52. In the author's opinion, free college education is ________.
A) impractical
B) unsustainable
C) a goal to strive for
D) a way to social equality
53. What should students do if taxpayers are to bear their college costs?
A) Work even harder to repay society.
B) Choose their subjects more carefully.
C) Choose majors that will serve society's practical needs.
D) Allow taxpayers to participate in college administration.
54. What does the author say about the value of a student's college education?
A) It is underestimated by profit-seeking employers.
B) It is to be proved by what they can do on the job.
C) It is well reflected in their average starting salary.
D) It is embodied in how they remove social barriers.
55. What message does the author want to convey in the passage?
A) Students should think carefully whether to go to college.
B) Taxpayers should only finance the most gifted students.
C) The worth of a college education is open to debate.
D) College students should fund their own education.
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage fr
om Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on AnswerSheet 2.
中国目前拥有世界上最大最快的高速铁路网。高铁列车的运行速度还将继续提升，更多的城
市将修建高铁站。高铁大大缩短了人们出行的时间。相对飞机而言，高铁列车的突出优势在
于准时，因为基本不受天气或交通管制的影响。高铁极大地改变了中国人的生活方式。如今，
它已经成了很多人商务旅行的首选交通工具。越来越多的人也在假日乘高铁外出旅游。还有
不少年轻人选择在一个城市工作而在邻近城市居住，每天乘高铁上下班。
2018 年 6 月六级部分真题参考答案(完整版)
Part Ⅰ Writing
The Importance of Building Trust BetweenTeachers and Students
A good relationship between a teacher and a student can have a major influe
nce on a kid'sdevelopment, and trust is crucial and indispensable in mainta
ining the relationship.
To begin with, only when a student believes in his or her teacher is he or she
willing to learnfrom the teacher or look to the teacher for guidance and sup
port. In reality, too manystudents are weary of study and even drop out of s
chool only because they dislike theirteachers, which may transform their w
hole life. Besides, a teacher who has the full trust ofhis or her students is mor
e motivated to help them improve the consciousness andinitiative of lear
ning, which in turn benefits the students most. However, the credibilitybetw
een teachers and students is not something that can be built in a day. On the
one hand,teachers should comprehend the students' actual demands and off
er timely help. On theother hand, students should always be respectful to t
heir teachers.
All in all, trust in a teacher-student relationship is a must to achieve effectiv
e teaching anlearning.
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1. D) She is the owner of a special café.
2. A) They bear a lot of similarities.
3. A) By giving them regular cleaning and injections.
4. C) They love the animals in her café.
5. D) It is mostly garbage.
6. B) TV commercials.
7. C) Trying to trick children into buying their products.
8. B) They seldom had junk food.
9. C) Tombs of ancient rulers.
10. B) It is hardly associated with great civilizations.
11. A) It carries about one fifth of the world's fresh water.
12. B) We are always in a rush to do various things.
13. C) She was accustomed to tight schedules.
14. D) Reading a book about slowing down.
15. B) She came to enjoy doing everyday tasks.
16. C) They pose a threat to the local ecosystem.
17. D) Their distinctions are artificial.
18. A) Only a few of them cause problems to native species.
19. A) Respect their traditional culture.
20. C) Drinking alcohol on certain days of a month.
21. D) They have a break from 2:00 to 5:30 p.m.
22. A) He completely changed the company's culture.
23. B) Its articles should be short and inspiring.
24. D) He treated the employees like members of his family.
25. C) Several hundred of its employees got fired.
Part III Reading Comprehension
26-35: KCMEH ANIFL
36-45: CHAKE IGBFD
46-55: ACDAB BACCD
Part IV Translation
China now has the largest and fastest high-speed rail network in the world.
The speed of theCRH (China Railway High-Speed) train will continue to increa
se and more cities will buildhigh-speed rail stations, The CRH train has greatly
reduced people's travel time. Comparedwith the airplane, the outstanding a
dvantage of the CRH train is punctuality, because it isbasically not affected
by weather or traffic control. It has transformed the way people liveand be
come the favorite option for business travelers today. More and more people
alsotravel by CRH train during holidays. Many young people choose to work in
one city but live ina nearby one since they can commute by CRH train every
day.
