(第2套)
Part I Writing
高分范文
My View on Innovation
① I'm not sure if you have heard one of Steve Jobs' famous remarks, " Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower", which stresses the significance of innovation. ② It goes without saying that innovation can promote the advancement of society and is the most essential quality for anyone who wants to achieve success. ③With innovation, any progress will be possible; however, once indulged in conservatism, everything will remain stagnant.
④Therefore, by some means or other we must come to know how to be innovative. ⑤On the one hand, from the standpoint of a nation, the government should encourage innovation and foster the mindset of continuous learning. ⑥ Only by doing this can our nation achieve new breakthroughs in all walks of life. ⑦ On the other hand, from the perspective of individuals, we should enrich our knowledge reserves and arm ourselves with up-to-date knowledge. ⑧ Only when we are equipped with vast stores of knowledge can we think out different methods when solving a problem.
⑨We should always commit it to our memory that innovation is of great significance to us a J1. ⑩ In our daily life, we need to cultivate the habit of applying new thoughts and methods into practice.
PartⅡ Listening Comprehension
Questions 1 to 4 axe based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. D
Conversation Two
M: (5) You say your shop has been doing well. Could you give me some idea of what "doing well" means in facts and figures?
W: Well, "doing well" means averaging ￡1,200 or more a week for about 7 years, making almost a quarter of a million pounds. And "doing well" means your earnings are rising. Last year, we did slightly over 50,000 and this year, we hope to do more than 60,000. So, that's good if we continue to rise.
M: Now, that's gross earnings, I assume. What about your expenses?
W: Yes, that's gross. The expenses, of course, go up steadily. And since we've moved to this new shop, the expenses have increased greatly, because it's a much bigger shop. So I couldn't say exactly what our expenses are. They are something in the region of six or seven thousand pounds a year, which is not high.
(6) Commercially speaking, it's fairly low, and we try to keep our expenses as low as we can.
M: (7) And your prices are much lower than the same goods in shops round about. How do the local shopkeepers feel about having a shop doing so well in their midst?
W: Perhaps a lot of them don't realize how well we are doing, because we don't make a point of publicizing. That was a lesson we learned very early on. (8) We were very friendly with all local shopkeepers and we happened to mention to a local shopkeeper how much we had made that week. He was very unhappy and never as friendly again. So we make a point of never publicizing the amount of money we make. But we are on very good terms with all the shops. None of them have ever complained that we are putting them out of business or anything like that. I think it's a nice friendly relationship. Maybe if they did know what we made, perhaps they wouldn't be so friendly.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5.B
6. C
7. A
8. D
Passage One
Birds are famous for carrymg things around.Some，like homing pigeons，can be trained to deliver messages and packages.Other birds unknowingly carry seeds that cling to them for the ride.(9)Canadian scientists have found a worrisome.new example of the power that birds have to spread stuff around.Way up north in the Canadian ArctiC.seabirds are picking up dangerous chemicals in the ocean and delivering them to ponds near where the birds five.
Some l0.000 pairs of the birds，called flllitlars，a kind of ArctiC seabird.make their nests on Devon Island.north of the Arctic Circle.(10)The fllfinars travel some 400 kilometers over the sea to find food.
When they return home，their droppings end up all around their nesting sites，including in nearby ponds.
(11)Previously.scientists noticed ponutants arriving in the Arctic with the wind.Salmon also carry dangerous chemicals as the fish migrate between rivers and the sea.The bodies of fish and other meat—eaters Can build up high levels of the chemicals.
To test the polluting power of fulmars，researchers coUected samples of deposit from 11 ponds on Devon Island.In ponds closest to the colony，the results showed there were far more pollutants than in ponds less affected by the birds.The poHutantS in the ponds appear to come from fish that fulIIlars eat when they’re out on the ocean.(12)People who five，hunt，or fish near bird colonies need to be carefitl，the researchers say.The birds don’t mean to cause harm，but the chemicals they calTy Can cause major problems.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have iust heard.
9. B
10. C
11.A
12. C
Passage Two
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have iust heard.
预览三道题各选项，由选项中出现的centenarians，death，cure，health，fail，life等词可以推测，短文内容与百岁老人的身体健康状况以及导致他们死亡的疾病有关。
13. A
14. B
15.What is characteristic of people who live up t0100 years and beyond?
C。短文中提到，那些能够身体健康地活到百岁以上的老人们，最终向诸如老年痴呆症这样影响精神与认知功能的疾病屈服了，换言之，他们的精神似乎在他们的身体出问题前就先出问题了，故答案为C。
Recording One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16.A
17. C
18.D
Recording Two
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. A
20. B
21. B
22. D
Recording Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23.What is the aim of Michelle Obama’s campaign?
A。讲座开头提到，米歇尔·奥巴马的“Let’s Move!”是通过鼓励孩子们多做体育运动以减少儿童期肥胖现象的活动。因此，该活动的目的在于对抗儿童肥胖，故答案为A。
24.What does research find about advertisements featuring professional athletes?
D。讲座中提到，2010年，研究人员在报告中说，12至17岁的青少年看运动员所宣传的食品和饮料类商业广告比成年人多。因此，由职业运动员代言的广告给儿童留下的印象甚于给成年人留下的印象，故答案为D.。
25.What does the speaker think kids’idols should do?
C。讲座最后提到，如果儿童以运动员为偶像，那么偶像言行一致对他们才最有利。偶像们言行一致地传达积极的行为，才能给孩子们提供可以效仿的更加健康的生活方式，故答案为C。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
名词：H.habitats栖息地，生长环境;I.legacy遗产;K.offspring子孙，后代
动词：A.ages长大，变老;B.breathing呼吸;L.replanting重新种植;O.withdraws撤退，移开
形容词：C.climatic气候的;G.fruitful果实累累的，富有成效的;N.vulnerable脆弱的，易受伤害的
副词：D.elsewhere其他地方，别处;E.exclusively专有地，排外地，唯一地;F.forever永远;J.notably显著地，尤其;M.subsequently随后，后来
26.D.elsewhere
27.C.climatic
28.A.ages
29.K.offspring
30.E.exclusively
31.M.subsequently
32.J.notably
33.H.habitats
34.L.replanting
35.N.vulnerable
美国工作场所已经瓦解。我们应按以下方法着手解决此问题。
[A]美国人的工作时间比以往任何时候都长。83%的人表示工作压力大，近50%的人表示工作压力已经影响了他们的睡眠，60%的人在非工作时间用智能手机工作。难怪全世界只有13%的员工喜欢自己所从事的工作。
[B]然而，现在这种激烈的竞争环境已经开始露出了一线曙光：美国人现在开始意识到了工作对自己的影响，而雁主也在探索如何减少压力和过度劳累所带来的负面影响。但还是任重道远。把压力比喻成一种流行病，这种说法一点也不夸张。(37)在感到工作压力大的美国员工中，有83%(去年仅为73%)的人表示，他们最大的压力主要源于低报酬和不合理的工作量。如果你猜想现在工作比几十年前压力大，这种想法一点没错。从l983年到2009年，女性和男性的压力水平分别增长了18%和24%。(45)同时，压力也开始呈现“年轻化”的趋势，一些数据表明，当今青少年的压力比成年人还大。
[C](42)压力对我们的健康影响非常大，并且由此可能会导致巨额的公共卫生花费。职业压力增加了患心脏病和糖尿病的风险，同时还会加速老龄化，减少寿命，导致抑郁和焦虑，并且带来其他各种健康问题。总体而言，与压力相关的健康问题占医院总就诊量的90%，而其中许多健康问题都是可预防的。正如《华盛顿邮报》所说，工作是真会“要了你的命啊”。同时工作压力大也伤害到了我们与他人的关系。在职的家长表示，他们感到压力大，很疲惫，总是匆匆忙忙，陪伴孩子、朋友和爱人的高质量时间实在是太少了。
[D]十分之七的员工表示很难保持工作与生活的平衡。(44)随着科技的发展，尤其是工作电子邮件已经渗透到了我们生活的方方面面，“保持工作生活平衡”几乎成了一个没有意义的术语。菲利斯·摩恩说道，瞬息万变的经济、不确定的未来，再加上一周七天，一天二十四小时全天候的连接，这就是过度劳累的原因。摩恩说：“工作需求，以及兼并，收购，裁员等其他不安全性因素都日益上升。难以保持工作生活平衡的部分原因就是来自于未来的不确定性”。
[E]这些因素凑在一起，造成了越来越多不可能维持的情况，许多员工都因过度工作到了倦怠点。这不仅对员工而言是不可持续的，对于雇用他们的公司来说也是不可持续的。(40)科学表明员工们长时间处于高压力与他们缺勤，生产力降低和高离职率之间有着明显的相关性。太多的工作场所政策缺乏灵活性，甚至在员工最需要休息的时候，也不允许他们休息，这使得员工无法保持工作与生活健康的平衡关系。
[F]根据2007年的一项研究，美国在家庭福利政策方面，例如带薪育儿假，带薪病假和支持母乳喂养，远远落后于每一个发达国家，以及许多发展中国家。美国也是世界上唯一不提供带薪休假的发达国家，世界上仅有的两个不提供带薪产假的国家之一。(36)但是，即使员工得到带薪休假的机会，工作场所的规则和期望也会迫使他们过度工作，从而没有机会去使用它。得到带薪休假的全职员工们通常只用了一半的假期。
[G]我们现在的工作时间也是按照过时的作息时间安排的。8小时工作日的做法是3-业革命时代的产物，当时流行的一句话特别能体现出这一点，“八小时劳动，八小时娱乐，八小时休息。”
[H]我们坚持这种工作日的结构——但是数字设备使许多员工从来没有真正下班过。当今，美国人平均每天工作8.8小时，而大多数的职场人士在晚上、周末甚至在休假期间，都会花额外时间工作。(39)技术本身并不是问题，问题是技术被用来为雇主创造更多的灵活性，而不是为雇员提供了便利。在竞争激烈的工作环境中，雇主利用高科技手段要求员工提供更多的服务，而不是使用技术为员工提供福利，让员工更加灵活地工作，以此来激励他们。
[I]在去年发表的一项研究中，心理学家创造了一个术语“工作场所远程压力”，来描述员工想要立即回复邮件的强烈欲望.和想要立即回复老板、同事或客户电子邮件的痴迷。研究人员发现，远程压力是工作压力的主要原因，随着时间的推移，还会造成身体和精神的倦怠。在参加此项研究的300名员工中，那些经历过高度远程压力的员工更有可能会认同倦怠的评价，例如“我早晨上班时没有精力”，并说自己感到疲劳和无法专心工作。远程压力也与睡眠不足和工作失误相关。
[J]哈佛商学院教授莱斯利·佩洛解释说，当人们感受到总是需要“在线”的压力时，就会找到办法来适应这种压力，例如，改变日程表、工作习惯和减少与家人和朋友的互动。佩洛将这种恶性循环称为“响应周期”：
(43)一旦老板和同事发现某个员工，工作完成得更快了，就会要求该员工工作更长时间。不接受这些增加的工作就会表明自己对工作不尽忠尽责，所以该员工只好选择服从。
[K](41-1)为解决员工压力暴增的问题，许多公司已经实施了工作场所健康计划，他们与医疗保健供应商合作，由其提供促进员工健康和福利的项目。一些研究确实表明这些方案有希望。健康保险提供商Aetna做的一项员工研究表明，参加办公室瑜伽和正念课程的人中，大约四分之一的人报告其压力水平减少了28%，睡眠质量改善了20%。这些压力减缓的员工，平均每周增加了62分钟的生产率。(41-2)虽然科学证明瑜伽和冥想可以减少压力，但这些计划几乎没有针对倦怠和脱节的根本原因。造成压力大的根本原因是长时间工作，不切买际的要求和完成工作的期限，以及工作生活的冲突。
[L]摩恩和她同事可能已经找到了解决方案。在2011年的一项研究中，她调查了实施“以成果为宗旨的工作环境”(ROWE.计划对百思买公司总部员工的生产力和福利的影响。
[M]在这项研究中，325名员工花了6个月参加ROWE计划，而实验对照组中有334名员工继续正常的工作流程。ROWE参与者可以自由决定在何时、何地以及以何种方式工作——只要完成工作就行。这项实验的结果非常惊人。六个月后，参与ROWE的员工报告说，工作、家庭冲突减少了，他们可以更好地管理自己的时间，同时每晚可多睡一个小时。这些员工跳槽的可能性也减少了，因此降低了雇员流失率。必须指出的是，增加工作灵活性，但并不鼓励员工全天候工作。(38)“员工并没有在任何地方，任何时间都在工作——他们能更好地管理工作，”摩恩说。她继续补充道，“灵活性和掌控性是关键”。
36. [F]
37 [B]
38. [M]
39. [H]
40. [E]
41. [K]
42. [C]
43. [J]
44.[D]
45. [B]
Passage One
46.B
47.D
48.C
49.A
50.A
Passage Two
51. A
52.B
53.C。根据题干中的cystic fibrosis和underdiagnosed in people of African ancestry定位到文章第五段最后两句：“If you make clinical predictions based on somebody’S race，you’re going to be wrong a good chunk of the time.”YudeH told Live Science.In the paper，he and his coHeagues used the example of cystic fibrosis，which is underdiagnosed in people of African ancestry because it is thought of as a“white”disease.
推理判断题。定位句的第一句指出，亚戴尔认为如果临床预测是基于病人的种族做出的，那
么大部分时候结果都是错的，紧接着在下一句里亚戴尔举出囊性纤维化的例子，该疾病被认为是“白种人”的疾病，因此很容易在非裔人身上漏诊，由此可以推出，亚戴尔以囊性纤维化为例是想说明上一句话里的观点，即对遗传多样性进行种族分类可能导致错误的临床预测，故答案为C.。
A.“诊断时不去考虑种族是绝对必要的”，定位句只是说依据种族做出的临床预测大部分时
候都是错的，该选项的表述过于绝对，故排除;B.“让遗传研究包含社会变量很重要”，第六段最后一句提到社会变量，但该句是指种族作为社会变量可能在科学研究中仍有用，这是研究人员的观点，并非囊性纤维化的例子想要说明的问题，故排除;D.“对黑人的歧视可能导致临床治疗上的疏忽”，文中没有提到对黑人的歧视，且定位句提及的是临床预测而不是临床治疗，故排除。
54.A
55.D。由题于中的the last paragraph定位到文章最后一段：“…we also acknowledge that using race as a political or social category to study racism，although filled with lots of challenges，remains necessary given our need to understand how structural inequities and discrimination produce health disparities(差异)between groups，”Yudeli said.
推理判断题。定位句指出，亚戴尔说道：“……我们也承认，考虑到我们需要了解结构性的不平等和歧视是如何使群体之间产生健康差异的，将种族用作研究种族主义的政治或社会范畴仍有必要，尽管这充满了挑战。”由此可知，在研究种族歧视的这些领域里，种族术语仍有用，故答案为D.。
A.“坚持种族主义使不公和歧视更加持久”，原文只指出将种族用作研究种族主义的政治或社会范畴仍有必要，而不是坚持种族主义，故排除A.;B.“种族之间的生理学差异非常惊人”，第三段最后一句提到在一项研究中，两位欧裔美国科学家共有的基因序列变异少于他们每个人与韩国科学家共有的基因序列变异，这说明遗传差异不会按照种族界限固定下来，因此B.与原文表述相反，故排除;
C.“消除种族歧视具有挑战性”，定位段指出充满挑战的是将种族用作研究种族主义的政治或社会范畴，而不是消除种族歧视，故该选项是对原文的曲解，故排除。
Part Ⅳ Translation
As China's economy surges, so does the number of people learning Chinese, which makes it become one of the favorite languages to be learned in the world. In recent years, Chinese universities have also made notable gains in the international university league table. Owing to the great progress of China's education, it's no wonder that China has become one of the most popular destinations for overseas students to study abroad.
In 2015, nearly four hundred thousand international students flocked into China to study. Their courses of study are no longer confined to the Chinese language and culture, but include Science and Engineering. In the global education market, America and Britain still play a leading role, but China is rapidly catching up
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