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2017.6月六级备考全攻略——选词填空篇
日期:2017-06-14

一、 题型透析

选词填空主要考查考生结合上下文内容对文章中词汇的理解能力。这类试题的文章有记叙文、说明文和议论文。所占分值比例为5%,文章长度在260词左右,超纲词会在文中标出汉语意思。

选词填空要求考生阅读一篇删去若干词汇的短文,然后从所给的选项中选择正确的词汇填空,使短文复原。答题时间8分钟左右为宜。

二、2大命题特点

1) 选词填空的命题形式近似于完形填空,即在一篇文章中共留出10个空,要求考生从所提供的15个单词中选出10个填入空中。10个空缺的设计遵循以下原则:首句不设空,一句之中不设两空。

2) 十个空考查的全部为实词:其中1~2个副词,2~4个名词,2~3个动词和2~4个形容词,每个正确选项都有干扰项,要么是相同词性选项之间的相互干扰,要么是多余选项对正确选项的干扰。选项中动词时态与文章时态一致。

三、4大解题步骤

1) 略读全文,寻找文中主题句

对于选词填空,一定要先迅速地浏览一遍全文,做到对文章内容有一个整体的把握。尤其要注意文章的首句或末句,因为其有可能就是文章的主题句,对理解文章起着至关重要的作用。另外,文章的主题有可能在文中反复出现,所以要善于抓住主题句,同时领会作者所持的态度。

2) 分析选项,将单词按词性分类

因为选词填空考查的词全部为实词,所以可以先将备选的15个词按照名词、动词、形容词和副词进行分类。

3) 细读全文,分析句子找选项

在对文章大意和选项有了大概的了解之后,接下来要做的就是仔细阅读文章,边读边找选项。这个环节中最重要的是分析空格前后句子的逻辑关系,确定句中所缺少单词的词性,然后再根据全文的逻辑关系和上下文的语义排除干扰项,找出正确答案。

4) 通读全文,带着选项看文章

下面结合六级考试真题,对选词填空部分的解题思路做具体分析。

Cell phones provide instant access to people. They are creating a major  36  in the social experiences of both children and adolescents. In one recent US survey, about half the teens polled said that their cell phones had  37  their communication with friends. Almost all said that their cell phone was the way they stayed in touch with peers, one-third had used the cell phone to help a peer in need, and about 80% said the phone made them feel safer. Teenagers in Australia,  38 , said that their mobile phones provided numerous benefits and were an  39  part of their lives; some were so  40  to their phones that the researchers considered it an addiction. In Japan, too, researchers are concerned about cell phone addiction. Researchers in one study in Tokyo found that more than half of junior high school students used their phones to exchange e-mails with schoolmates more than 10 times a day.

Cell phones  41  social connections with peers across time and space. They allow young people to exchange moment-by-moment experiences in their daily lives with special partners and thus to have a more  42  sense of connection with friends. Cell phones also can  43  social tolerance because they reduce children’s interactions with others who are different from them. In addition to connecting peers, cell phones connect children and parents. Researchers studying teenagers in Israel concluded that, in that  44  environment, mobile phones were regarded as “security objects”in parent-teen relationships—important because they provided the possibility of  45  and communication at all times.

A) affiliated       

B) attached       

C) contact

D) contend

E) continuous

F) diminish

G) endurance

H) foster

I) hazardous

J) improved

K) instantaneous

L) intrinsic

M) relatively

N) shift

O) similarly

 
首先,通读全文,把握文章大意。本文通过对美国、澳大利亚和日本东京的调查结果分析得出,手机已经成为青少年生活的重要组成部分。同时,由于青少年使用手机过于频繁,研究人员已经开始担心使用手机成瘾的问题。最后阐述手机给青少年的生活造成的各种不同影响。

其次,把备选项从词性角度进行归类。

名词:  C) contact接触,联系; G) endurance忍耐,忍耐力; N) shift转移,转变

动词:  A) affiliated使紧密联系; B) attached 装上,依附; D) contend 奋斗,斗争; F) diminish 减少,减小; H) foster 促进,培养; J) improved 提高,改进

形容词:  E) continuous连续不断的; I) hazardous危险的; K) instantaneous 即刻的,瞬间的; L) intrinsic本质的,固有的

副词:  M) relatively相对地; O) similarly 相似地,类似地

然后,根据上下文的语法结构和语义内容判断空格处的词性,并从备选项中选出最切合文意的词。

例如,第38题,空格位于两个逗号之间,因此需要填入副词充当状语。上文中提到,在美国的调查中青少年们表示手机对他们来说十分有用,而下文中指出,澳大利亚的青少年也表达了相似的看法,故答案为O) similarly“相似地,类似地”。备选项中relatively的意思与上下文语义不符,故排除。

又如第41题,空格位于句子的谓语部分,且由下一句中的allow一词判断,空格处应该填入动词原形,充当谓语。根据句意可知,手机可以为同龄人建立起跨越时空的社会纽带,故答案为H) foster“促进,培养”。备选项中还有两个动词原形:contend和diminish,这两个词意思均与上下文不符,故排除。