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六级短文改错注意事项
日期:2008-09-25
  例:
  One major decision which faces the American student ready to begin higher education is the choice of attending a large university or a small college.The large university 
  (provides wide range of specialized departments,as well numerous) 1.____ 
  courses within such departments.The small college, (therefore,generally provides a limited number of) 2.____ (courses and specializations but offer a better student-faculty) 3.____
  (ratio,thus permit individualized attention to students.) 4.____
  Because of its large student body(often exceeding 20,000)(consisting in many people from different countries,) 5.____
  the university exposes its students to many different (culture,social and out-of-calss programmes. On the other) 6.____
  hand,the smaller,more homogeneous(同类的)student 
  (body of the big college affords greater opportunities in)7.____ 
  such activities. Finally,the university closely approximates 
  (the real world and which provides a relaxed,impersonal,)8.____
  and sometimes anonymous(隐姓埋名的)existence.On 
  (the contrast,the intimate atmosphere of the small college) 9.____ 
  allows the student four years of structural living in which 
  (to expect and preparing for the real world.In making his) 10.____
  choice among educational institutions the student must, therefore,consider a great many factors. 
  这是一篇比较综合性大学与一般学院的不同特点的说明文,从学生入学前对两类大学的选择这个角度阐述,以比较对照方式展开,共三个要点:①课程设置;②学生的社会、文化活动;③生活环境与气氛。
  把握了短文的这些内容和特点后,我们应预测到短文中有较多互为反义的词语。可在改错时多加关注,现逐题解析如下:
  71.as well→as well as,缺词题。属固定短语,as well as是连接性介词短语,as well可能出现在名词短语前。
  72.therefore→however,错词题。连词错误,这题位于短文的第一个要点:课程设置方面两类大学的不同,要用到表示对照关系的转折词。
  73.offer→offers,句子结构方面的错误。动词offer通过连词but与provides平行,同时受主语The small college支配。
  74.permit→permitting,动词非谓语形式同时又是句子结构方面的错误。这里的permit与上一行的offer在句子结构上相互干扰,使不少考生陷入圈套,但如果两者在同一句法层次上的话,则permit前必须有并列连词,因为它是并列中的最后一项(语法规则:多项并列之最后两项之间必须有并列连词),由此可知两动词不是并列关系,连接性副词thus(或hence)前若没有并列连词,则其后面的动词一定是用现在分词,表示结果。
  75.consisting in→consisting of,短语动词及介词搭配。根据上下文语义,这里应是“由…组成”而不是“在于”,故应当是consist of。
  76.culture→cultural,并列结构与词性错误。上下文语义应是“使学生接触许多不同的文化、社会和课外活动”。
  77.big→small,反义词。根据上下文,显然college属于小的学院。
  78.删去and或which,多词题。句子结构及定语从句方面的错误。which 前有and,表示前面还必须有一与之并列的定语从句,但没有。故删去and,使which从句作real world的定语:让真实世界(作provides的逻辑主语)提供学生一种轻松的、非人格的、有时几乎是隐姓埋名的生活方式。或删去which,使provides与approximates并列。根据语义,这一改法比删去and更合逻辑。但两种改法都不算错。
  79.On the contrast→On the contrary,固定短语用词错误。这题好多考生把介词On改成了In,主要想到了短词in contrast,但不能同时再删the,故无法以这一方式改动。
  80.preparing→prepare,平行结构中的动词错误。在并列连词and前后显然要有形式一致的动词,但前面没有与preparing呼应的现在分词(注:同行中的living是in which中which的先行词,故一定是名词,而不是现在分词——这是词形表面上的干扰),故只能改动preparing使之与前面的动词不定式expect一致,这里也有考生将preparing改作prepares,用意是与句中谓语动词allows一致,但要注意,句中不定式expect是及物动词,它的宾语是“the real world”,必须与prepare for共享。 
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